Wall clock time and date at job start Thu Mar 4 2021 13:53:33
AMSOL-version 7.1
by G. D. Hawkins, D. J. Giesen, G. C. Lynch, C. C. Chambers,
I. Rossi, J. W. Storer, J. Li, J. D. Thompson, P. Winget,
B. J. Lynch, D. Rinaldi, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar
Copyright 2004 by Regents of the University of Minnesota.
All rights reserved.
Notice: recipients of this code are asked to comply
with the user agreement in Section 1 of the documentation file.
*******************************************************************************
* 1SCF - SCF CALCULATION WITHOUT GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION
* - USE EF ROUTINE FOR MINIMUM SEARCH (DEFAULT)
* GEO-OK - OVERRIDE INTERATOMIC DISTANCE CHECK
* TLIMIT= - A TIME OF 15. SECONDS REQUESTED
* CHARGE - CHARGE ON SYSTEM= 0
* AM1 - THE AM1 HAMILTONIAN TO BE USED
* SM5.42R - SM5.42R CALCULATIONS WILL BE PERFORMED
* - CHARGE MODEL 2 WILL BE USED (CM2A)
* - THE SOLVENT IS WATER
*******************************************************************************
Atom NO. Chemical Bond length Bond angle Dihedral angle
number (k) symbol (angstroms) (degrees) (degrees)
(I) NA:I NB:NA:I NC:NB:NA:I NA NB NC
1 1 O
2 2 C 1.42900 * 1
3 3 Si 1.86304 * 109.47382 * 2 1
4 4 H 1.48498 * 109.46952 * 60.00222 * 3 2 1
5 5 H 1.48496 * 109.46999 * 180.02562 * 3 2 1
6 6 H 1.48497 * 109.47320 * 300.00244 * 3 2 1
7 7 C 1.50700 * 109.47375 * 120.00440 * 2 1 3
8 8 C 1.38261 * 119.94382 * 64.99430 * 7 2 1
9 9 C 1.38151 * 120.05674 * 180.02562 * 8 7 2
10 10 C 1.38735 * 119.94261 * 0.02562 * 9 8 7
11 11 O 1.35891 * 120.05856 * 179.97438 * 10 9 8
12 12 C 1.42896 * 117.00417 * 180.02562 * 11 10 9
13 13 C 1.52996 * 109.47285 * 180.02562 * 12 11 10
14 14 C 1.50696 * 109.47359 * 180.02562 * 13 12 11
15 15 O 1.21281 * 119.99854 * 359.97438 * 14 13 12
16 16 N 1.34775 * 120.00638 * 180.02562 * 14 13 12
17 17 C 1.46493 * 120.00608 * 179.97438 * 16 14 13
18 18 C 1.52586 * 108.91059 * 154.99735 * 17 16 14
19 19 C 1.54362 * 109.20981 * 198.48435 * 18 17 16
20 20 Si 1.85199 * 107.06814 * 303.27337 * 19 18 17
21 21 C 1.87430 * 111.55701 * 167.17538 * 20 19 18
22 22 C 1.55697 * 100.87968 * 121.64056 * 21 20 19
23 23 C 1.53840 * 111.36481 * 332.07181 * 22 21 20
24 24 C 1.56398 * 109.81410 * 47.74979 * 23 22 21
25 25 C 1.85203 * 110.00805 * 42.82291 * 20 19 18
26 26 C 1.52586 * 108.91341 * 277.81852 * 17 16 14
27 27 C 1.38736 * 119.88692 * 0.27710 * 10 9 8
28 28 C 1.38149 * 119.94072 * 359.46580 * 27 10 9
29 29 H 0.96700 * 114.00197 * 59.99328 * 1 2 3
30 30 H 1.09003 * 109.46934 * 240.00177 * 2 1 3
31 31 H 1.08001 * 119.97597 * 359.97438 * 8 7 2
32 32 H 1.07991 * 120.02685 * 179.97438 * 9 8 7
33 33 H 1.08998 * 109.46902 * 60.00267 * 12 11 10
34 34 H 1.09000 * 109.47075 * 300.00123 * 12 11 10
35 35 H 1.09000 * 109.47581 * 59.99850 * 13 12 11
36 36 H 1.09007 * 109.47274 * 300.00059 * 13 12 11
37 37 H 0.97009 * 119.99837 * 359.97438 * 16 14 13
38 38 H 1.09001 * 108.88843 * 36.36395 * 17 16 14
39 39 H 1.09006 * 109.51499 * 78.57205 * 18 17 16
40 40 H 1.08994 * 109.52036 * 318.40710 * 18 17 16
41 41 H 1.09002 * 109.93494 * 183.87952 * 19 18 17
42 42 H 1.08998 * 110.00192 * 62.70311 * 19 18 17
43 43 H 1.09002 * 111.14489 * 239.55751 * 21 20 19
44 44 H 1.08997 * 111.14261 * 3.72473 * 21 20 19
45 45 H 1.08995 * 109.10511 * 92.54664 * 22 21 20
46 46 H 1.09006 * 109.09924 * 211.52315 * 22 21 20
47 47 H 1.09007 * 109.38945 * 287.65199 * 23 22 21
48 48 H 1.08999 * 109.42161 * 167.86890 * 23 22 21
49 49 H 1.08998 * 111.49915 * 203.21349 * 24 23 22
50 50 H 1.09000 * 111.54323 * 78.10804 * 24 23 22
51 51 H 1.09001 * 109.93748 * 76.56224 * 25 20 19
52 52 H 1.08996 * 109.93797 * 197.79007 * 25 20 19
53 53 H 1.09001 * 109.51575 * 281.43938 * 26 17 16
54 54 H 1.09000 * 109.51117 * 41.59400 * 26 17 16
55 55 H 1.07997 * 120.02702 * 179.72010 * 27 10 9
56 56 H 1.08010 * 119.96928 * 180.23214 * 28 27 10
Note: An asterisk (*) indicates this parameter was or will be optimized.
Cartesian coordinates (angstroms)
NO. Atom X Y Z
1 8 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 6 1.4290 0.0000 0.0000
3 14 2.0501 1.7565 0.0000
4 1 1.5552 2.4565 1.2125
5 1 3.5351 1.7564 -0.0006
6 1 1.5551 2.4566 -1.2124
7 6 1.9314 -0.7105 1.2304
8 6 1.6840 -2.0605 1.3971
9 6 2.1430 -2.7141 2.5244
10 6 2.8523 -2.0144 3.4898
11 8 3.3045 -2.6548 4.5998
12 6 4.0267 -1.8713 5.5519
13 6 4.4522 -2.7578 6.7241
14 6 5.2134 -1.9315 7.7284
15 8 5.3978 -0.7499 7.5264
16 7 5.6901 -2.5056 8.8508
17 6 6.4305 -1.7024 9.8269
18 6 6.3113 -2.3585 11.1993
19 6 6.6664 -1.3245 12.2891
20 14 8.3698 -0.7022 11.9136
21 6 8.7812 0.8265 12.9169
22 6 10.0526 0.3461 13.6765
23 6 10.0412 -1.1787 13.8800
24 6 9.6848 -1.8905 12.5337
25 6 8.5443 -0.3907 10.0963
26 6 7.8802 -1.5784 9.3674
27 6 3.0938 -0.6584 3.3232
28 6 2.6372 -0.0107 2.1915
29 1 -0.3933 0.4418 -0.7650
30 1 1.7923 -0.5138 -0.8900
31 1 1.1307 -2.6045 0.6459
32 1 1.9492 -3.7685 2.6543
33 1 3.3899 -1.0659 5.9176
34 1 4.9118 -1.4478 5.0772
35 1 5.0892 -3.5631 6.3582
36 1 3.5673 -3.1818 7.1989
37 1 5.5429 -3.4507 9.0123
38 1 5.9893 -0.7067 9.8719
39 1 6.9986 -3.2024 11.2604
40 1 5.2898 -2.7083 11.3483
41 1 6.6519 -1.7989 13.2703
42 1 5.9554 -0.4987 12.2653
43 1 9.0069 1.6733 12.2687
44 1 7.9768 1.0694 13.6111
45 1 10.9369 0.6226 13.1024
46 1 10.0935 0.8364 14.6492
47 1 9.2984 -1.4376 14.6346
48 1 11.0254 -1.5071 14.2141
49 1 9.2749 -2.8860 12.7045
50 1 10.5412 -1.9253 11.8604
51 1 8.0409 0.5382 9.8284
52 1 9.5994 -0.3334 9.8287
53 1 8.4171 -2.4971 9.6039
54 1 7.9077 -1.4065 8.2913
55 1 3.6417 -0.1106 4.0755
56 1 2.8282 1.0441 2.0595
RHF calculation, no. of doubly occupied orbitals= 69
REFERENCES FOR PARAMETERS IN GAS-PHASE HAMILTONIAN:
H: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985)
C: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985)
N: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985)
O: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985)
Si: (AM1): M.J.S.DEWAR, C. JIE, ORGANOMETALLICS, 6, 1486-1490 (1987).
REFERENCE FOR CHARGE MODEL 2:
J. Li, J. Xing, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, J. Chem. Phys. 111 (1999) 885.
REFERENCE FOR THE PARAMETERIZATION OF THE SM5.42R SOLVATION MODEL:
J. Li, T. Zhu, G. D. Hawkins, P. Winget, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and
D. G. Truhlar, Theor. Chem. Acc. 103 (1999) 9-63
P. Winget, J. D. Thompson C. J. Cramer,and D. G. Truhlar, J. Phys. Chem. B. submitted.
CHARGE=0 AM1 1SCF TLIMIT=15 GEO-OK SM5.42R
& SOLVNT=WATER
m_22_15739290_4549602.mol2 56
1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED
SCF FIELD WAS ACHIEVED
Wall clock time and date at job start Thu Mar 4 2021 13:53:33
Heat of formation + Delta-G solvation = -132.719551 kcal
Electronic energy + Delta-G solvation = -31355.877503 eV
Core-core repulsion = 27159.739629 eV
Total energy + Delta-G solvation = -4196.137875 eV
No. of doubly occupied orbitals = 69
Molecular weight
(most abundant/longest-lived isotopes) = 377.198 amu
Computer time = 1.37 seconds
Orbital eigenvalues (eV)
-41.43738 -40.92679 -39.13641 -37.94304 -37.22550 -36.14218 -34.16791 -33.14762
-32.07819 -32.04377 -31.49699 -29.68886 -27.42764 -26.29882 -25.32307 -24.63583
-23.62561 -23.45988 -22.09084 -21.65259 -21.30138 -20.84199 -19.53301 -18.45202
-17.88262 -17.55052 -17.45108 -17.05067 -16.77448 -16.22017 -16.04633 -15.87179
-15.81385 -15.68637 -15.52393 -15.07829 -14.84748 -14.72720 -14.46052 -14.39051
-14.23011 -14.06572 -13.66895 -13.61678 -13.37982 -13.22227 -13.11678 -12.94302
-12.92822 -12.76095 -12.43492 -12.32948 -12.17985 -12.15882 -12.13330 -11.95406
-11.95065 -11.74169 -11.73197 -11.67130 -11.35926 -11.04424 -10.36129 -10.30916
-10.29610 -10.18571 -10.06524 -10.04314 -9.22598 0.24530 0.28241 1.16220
1.42842 1.47629 1.53659 1.69128 1.80531 1.89050 1.90186 1.96707
2.49861 2.60911 2.67447 3.47986 3.56299 3.72349 3.75149 3.82270
3.87076 3.93652 4.01473 4.08717 4.12864 4.15017 4.20214 4.22700
4.30816 4.32226 4.40777 4.41104 4.49173 4.50652 4.63101 4.64978
4.66665 4.68067 4.70308 4.76759 4.82015 4.84618 4.93743 5.10544
5.13009 5.15418 5.16362 5.20252 5.23480 5.24842 5.26477 5.35683
5.39525 5.44780 5.48108 5.51161 5.54048 5.59875 5.69650 6.28878
6.49814 6.84252 7.19187
Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions
calculated with CM2
Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons
1 O -0.563 6.563
2 C -0.072 4.072
3 Si 0.970 3.030
4 H -0.276 1.276
5 H -0.262 1.262
6 H -0.251 1.251
7 C -0.126 4.126
8 C -0.055 4.055
9 C -0.155 4.155
10 C 0.122 3.878
11 O -0.318 6.318
12 C 0.072 3.928
13 C -0.132 4.132
14 C 0.516 3.484
15 O -0.584 6.584
16 N -0.713 5.713
17 C 0.132 3.868
18 C -0.114 4.114
19 C -0.411 4.411
20 Si 1.054 2.946
21 C -0.427 4.427
22 C -0.124 4.124
23 C -0.126 4.126
24 C -0.409 4.409
25 C -0.423 4.423
26 C -0.116 4.116
27 C -0.212 4.212
28 C -0.097 4.097
29 H 0.398 0.602
30 H 0.099 0.901
31 H 0.151 0.849
32 H 0.149 0.851
33 H 0.062 0.938
34 H 0.063 0.937
35 H 0.128 0.872
36 H 0.128 0.872
37 H 0.419 0.581
38 H 0.066 0.934
39 H 0.093 0.907
40 H 0.080 0.920
41 H 0.096 0.904
42 H 0.076 0.924
43 H 0.072 0.928
44 H 0.078 0.922
45 H 0.057 0.943
46 H 0.057 0.943
47 H 0.070 0.930
48 H 0.061 0.939
49 H 0.089 0.911
50 H 0.076 0.924
51 H 0.064 0.936
52 H 0.079 0.921
53 H 0.086 0.914
54 H 0.043 0.957
55 H 0.135 0.865
56 H 0.126 0.874
For the charges calculated by CM2:
Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total
from point charges 0.453 -4.954 1.061 5.087
Note: The Mulliken population analysis charges presented below were not
used in the solvation calculation but are provided for completeness.
The chosen solvation model uses CM2 partial charges for calculating
solvation energies.
Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions
using Mulliken population analysis
Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons
1 O -0.372 6.372
2 C -0.183 4.183
3 Si 0.796 3.204
4 H -0.201 1.201
5 H -0.187 1.187
6 H -0.175 1.175
7 C -0.127 4.127
8 C -0.073 4.073
9 C -0.174 4.174
10 C 0.076 3.924
11 O -0.232 6.232
12 C -0.003 4.003
13 C -0.172 4.172
14 C 0.304 3.696
15 O -0.464 6.464
16 N -0.365 5.365
17 C 0.028 3.972
18 C -0.151 4.151
19 C -0.498 4.498
20 Si 1.244 2.756
21 C -0.512 4.512
22 C -0.162 4.162
23 C -0.163 4.163
24 C -0.495 4.495
25 C -0.508 4.508
26 C -0.155 4.155
27 C -0.231 4.231
28 C -0.115 4.115
29 H 0.248 0.752
30 H 0.117 0.883
31 H 0.168 0.832
32 H 0.166 0.834
33 H 0.080 0.920
34 H 0.082 0.918
35 H 0.146 0.854
36 H 0.146 0.854
37 H 0.256 0.744
38 H 0.084 0.916
39 H 0.111 0.889
40 H 0.098 0.902
41 H 0.114 0.886
42 H 0.095 0.905
43 H 0.091 0.909
44 H 0.096 0.904
45 H 0.076 0.924
46 H 0.076 0.924
47 H 0.089 0.911
48 H 0.080 0.920
49 H 0.108 0.892
50 H 0.095 0.905
51 H 0.083 0.917
52 H 0.098 0.902
53 H 0.105 0.895
54 H 0.062 0.938
55 H 0.153 0.847
56 H 0.144 0.856
Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total
from point charges 0.938 -3.778 1.502 4.173
hybrid contribution 0.057 0.339 -0.280 0.444
sum 0.995 -3.439 1.223 3.783
Atomic orbital electron populations
1.86465 1.17480 1.82115 1.51100 1.24615 0.85512 1.10024 0.98139
0.85417 0.79524 0.75557 0.79919 1.20107 1.18650 1.17493 1.19474
1.01400 0.94959 0.96849 1.21051 0.96103 0.93435 0.96673 1.20734
1.01423 1.01578 0.93645 1.19176 0.94807 0.91098 0.87296 1.85950
1.69324 1.38638 1.29295 1.22443 0.95683 0.93705 0.88480 1.21445
1.03129 0.99107 0.93485 1.20662 0.78633 0.87565 0.82779 1.90737
1.60082 1.18161 1.77449 1.46030 1.55757 1.14362 1.20345 1.21141
0.91762 0.95779 0.88531 1.21596 1.03912 0.98874 0.90737 1.26170
1.17702 1.03859 1.02031 0.78832 0.66668 0.66154 0.63918 1.26722
1.01383 1.14315 1.08768 1.21909 0.97969 0.95800 1.00501 1.22072
1.02207 0.93963 0.98102 1.26732 1.12513 1.08335 1.01911 1.26421
1.03327 1.00215 1.20829 1.21679 0.94742 0.99361 0.99678 1.21342
1.06739 0.94273 1.00697 1.20973 0.97495 0.99654 0.93347 0.75195
0.88345 0.83170 0.83366 0.91963 0.91848 0.85392 0.85444 0.74371
0.91563 0.88866 0.90179 0.88569 0.90498 0.90912 0.90360 0.92390
0.92433 0.91140 0.92042 0.89185 0.90501 0.91713 0.90199 0.89532
0.93837 0.84679 0.85607
Number of geometries 1
Number of calculations of the screened coulomb radii 1
The total number of SCF iterations 15.
Note: The number of geometries may not
correspond to the number of cycles due to rejected geometry changes.
In the following table subtotal= G_P + SS G_CDS.
Atom Chem. CM2 G_P Area Sigma k SS G_CDS Subtotal M
number symbol chg. (kcal) (Ang**2) cal/(Ang**2) (kcal) (kcal) value
1 O -0.56 -0.53 12.81 -148.98 -1.91 -2.44 16
2 C -0.07 -0.02 2.79 71.24 0.20 0.18 16
3 Si 0.97 0.78 25.14 68.60 1.72 2.51 16
4 H -0.28 -1.41 7.04 99.48 0.70 -0.71 16
5 H -0.26 -0.68 7.11 99.48 0.71 0.03 16
6 H -0.25 0.08 7.11 99.48 0.71 0.78 16
7 C -0.13 -0.64 5.38 -19.85 -0.11 -0.75 16
8 C -0.05 -0.21 9.68 22.25 0.22 0.01 16
9 C -0.16 -0.71 9.99 22.37 0.22 -0.49 16
10 C 0.12 0.82 6.69 22.51 0.15 0.97 16
11 O -0.32 -1.63 10.14 -92.32 -0.94 -2.56 16
12 C 0.07 0.21 4.03 71.98 0.29 0.50 16
13 C -0.13 0.41 6.07 29.85 0.18 0.59 16
14 C 0.52 0.99 7.55 87.66 0.66 1.65 16
15 O -0.58 -6.63 15.59 -3.03 -0.05 -6.68 16
16 N -0.71 2.49 5.04 -443.86 -2.24 0.26 16
17 C 0.13 -0.22 1.96 44.72 0.09 -0.14 16
18 C -0.11 0.75 5.11 30.92 0.16 0.91 16
19 C -0.41 2.36 4.96 72.44 0.36 2.72 16
20 Si 1.05 -5.33 10.56 68.60 0.72 -4.60 16
21 C -0.43 0.51 5.84 72.91 0.43 0.93 16
22 C -0.12 0.03 6.10 31.81 0.19 0.23 16
23 C -0.13 0.25 5.97 32.06 0.19 0.44 16
24 C -0.41 1.71 5.95 73.17 0.44 2.15 16
25 C -0.42 0.31 4.96 72.45 0.36 0.67 16
26 C -0.12 0.07 5.24 30.92 0.16 0.23 16
27 C -0.21 -1.49 9.04 22.37 0.20 -1.29 16
28 C -0.10 -0.63 8.66 22.25 0.19 -0.44 16
29 H 0.40 -3.30 8.74 -74.06 -0.65 -3.95 16
30 H 0.10 -0.43 7.96 -2.39 -0.02 -0.45 16
31 H 0.15 -0.03 8.06 -2.91 -0.02 -0.06 16
32 H 0.15 0.13 8.06 -2.92 -0.02 0.11 16
33 H 0.06 0.29 7.61 -2.39 -0.02 0.28 16
34 H 0.06 0.28 7.63 -2.39 -0.02 0.26 16
35 H 0.13 -0.91 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.92 16
36 H 0.13 -0.89 8.14 -2.38 -0.02 -0.91 16
37 H 0.42 -4.34 8.58 -92.70 -0.80 -5.13 16
38 H 0.07 0.23 7.28 -2.39 -0.02 0.21 16
39 H 0.09 -0.95 7.76 -2.38 -0.02 -0.97 16
40 H 0.08 -0.58 8.13 -2.39 -0.02 -0.60 16
41 H 0.10 -0.71 7.97 -2.39 -0.02 -0.73 16
42 H 0.08 -0.33 7.97 -2.39 -0.02 -0.35 16
43 H 0.07 -0.01 8.03 -2.39 -0.02 -0.03 16
44 H 0.08 -0.12 8.03 -2.39 -0.02 -0.14 16
45 H 0.06 0.01 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.01 16
46 H 0.06 0.02 8.14 -2.38 -0.02 0.00 16
47 H 0.07 -0.24 8.14 -2.38 -0.02 -0.26 16
48 H 0.06 -0.08 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.10 16
49 H 0.09 -0.56 8.04 -2.39 -0.02 -0.58 16
50 H 0.08 -0.27 8.04 -2.39 -0.02 -0.29 16
51 H 0.06 0.15 7.97 -2.39 -0.02 0.13 16
52 H 0.08 -0.07 7.97 -2.39 -0.02 -0.09 16
53 H 0.09 -0.41 7.76 -2.39 -0.02 -0.43 16
54 H 0.04 0.21 7.82 -2.39 -0.02 0.19 16
55 H 0.14 0.76 6.30 -2.91 -0.02 0.74 16
56 H 0.13 0.57 4.86 -2.91 -0.01 0.56 16
Total: 0.00 -19.93 435.90 2.08 -17.85
By element:
Atomic # 1 Polarization: -13.58 SS G_CDS: 0.17 Total: -13.40 kcal
Atomic # 6 Polarization: 4.48 SS G_CDS: 4.58 Total: 9.06 kcal
Atomic # 7 Polarization: 2.49 SS G_CDS: -2.24 Total: 0.26 kcal
Atomic # 8 Polarization: -8.79 SS G_CDS: -2.89 Total: -11.68 kcal
Atomic # 14 Polarization: -4.54 SS G_CDS: 2.45 Total: -2.09 kcal
Total: -19.93 2.08 -17.85 kcal
The number of atoms in the molecule is 56
The average number of expansion shells was 16.00
The maximum number of expansion shells was 16
The minimum number of expansion shells was 16
**** NOTA BENE ****
This is the net solvation energy for this exact molecular structure
(nuclear and electronic)! The standard-state solvation energy should be
obtained as the difference between the heat of formation plus delta-G solvation
for the relaxed solvated system and that for the relaxed gas-phase system.
m_22_15739290_4549602.mol2 56
1SCF run
This is a breakdown of the solvation energy calculated
without geometric relaxation in solution:
(1) E-EN(sol) electronic-nuclear energy of solute -114.867 kcal
(2) G-P(sol) polarization free energy of solvation -19.929 kcal
(3) G-ENP(sol) elect.-nuc.-pol. free energy of system -134.796 kcal
(4) G-CDS(sol) cavity-dispersion-solvent structure free energy 2.077 kcal
(5) G-P-CDS(sol) = G-P(sol) + G-CDS(sol) = (2) + (4) -17.852 kcal
(6) G-S(sol) free energy of system = (1) + (5) -132.720 kcal
1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED
Total computer time = 1.37 seconds