Wall clock time and date at job start Thu Mar 4 2021 17:45:29 AMSOL-version 7.1 by G. D. Hawkins, D. J. Giesen, G. C. Lynch, C. C. Chambers, I. Rossi, J. W. Storer, J. Li, J. D. Thompson, P. Winget, B. J. Lynch, D. Rinaldi, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar Copyright 2004 by Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Notice: recipients of this code are asked to comply with the user agreement in Section 1 of the documentation file. ******************************************************************************* * 1SCF - SCF CALCULATION WITHOUT GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION * - USE EF ROUTINE FOR MINIMUM SEARCH (DEFAULT) * GEO-OK - OVERRIDE INTERATOMIC DISTANCE CHECK * TLIMIT= - A TIME OF 15. SECONDS REQUESTED * CHARGE - CHARGE ON SYSTEM= 0 * AM1 - THE AM1 HAMILTONIAN TO BE USED * SM5.42R - SM5.42R CALCULATIONS WILL BE PERFORMED * - CHARGE MODEL 2 WILL BE USED (CM2A) * - THE SOLVENT IS WATER ******************************************************************************* Atom NO. Chemical Bond length Bond angle Dihedral angle number (k) symbol (angstroms) (degrees) (degrees) (I) NA:I NB:NA:I NC:NB:NA:I NA NB NC 1 1 C 2 2 N 1.46500 * 1 3 3 N 1.28472 * 124.88099 * 2 1 4 4 C 1.31811 * 110.07116 * 179.73494 * 3 2 1 5 5 C 1.47705 * 126.52246 * 180.31191 * 4 3 2 6 6 O 1.21564 * 120.00576 * 180.15503 * 5 4 3 7 7 N 1.34783 * 119.99706 * 0.15683 * 5 4 3 8 8 C 1.46500 * 120.00007 * 179.97438 * 7 5 4 9 9 C 1.52997 * 109.47307 * 180.02562 * 8 7 5 10 10 H 1.09005 * 112.84496 * 316.19727 * 9 8 7 11 11 C 1.53781 * 113.61935 * 87.49966 * 9 8 7 12 12 C 1.53786 * 87.07974 * 89.11730 * 11 9 8 13 13 F 1.39898 * 113.69036 * 270.87746 * 12 11 9 14 14 C 1.52996 * 113.61248 * 139.97968 * 12 11 9 15 15 N 1.46502 * 109.46716 * 87.50752 * 14 12 11 16 16 C 1.34777 * 120.00106 * 179.97438 * 15 14 12 17 17 O 1.21519 * 119.99668 * 0.02562 * 16 15 14 18 18 O 1.34628 * 120.00495 * 179.97438 * 16 15 14 19 19 C 1.45203 * 117.00497 * 179.97438 * 18 16 15 20 20 C 1.53004 * 109.46655 * 60.00059 * 19 18 16 21 21 C 1.52996 * 109.47142 * 179.97438 * 19 18 16 22 22 C 1.52995 * 109.46947 * 300.00293 * 19 18 16 23 23 C 1.53778 * 113.61691 * 185.00131 * 9 8 7 24 24 C 1.41504 * 106.96249 * 0.44760 * 4 3 2 25 25 C 1.35032 * 124.88635 * 180.02562 * 2 1 3 26 26 C 1.50701 * 126.38503 * 359.95129 * 25 2 1 27 27 O 1.42901 * 109.47064 * 29.99986 * 26 25 2 28 28 Si 1.86295 * 109.46939 * 150.00443 * 26 25 2 29 29 H 1.09008 * 109.47135 * 269.97496 * 1 2 3 30 30 H 1.08999 * 109.47557 * 29.97548 * 1 2 3 31 31 H 1.08998 * 109.47479 * 149.97670 * 1 2 3 32 32 H 0.97003 * 120.00212 * 0.02562 * 7 5 4 33 33 H 1.09005 * 109.46817 * 299.99967 * 8 7 5 34 34 H 1.09002 * 109.47133 * 60.00013 * 8 7 5 35 35 H 1.09000 * 113.61643 * 203.66644 * 11 9 8 36 36 H 1.09004 * 113.61238 * 334.57147 * 11 9 8 37 37 H 1.08999 * 109.47448 * 207.50192 * 14 12 11 38 38 H 1.08998 * 109.47351 * 327.50658 * 14 12 11 39 39 H 0.96998 * 119.99974 * 359.97438 * 15 14 12 40 40 H 1.08996 * 109.47690 * 60.00013 * 20 19 18 41 41 H 1.08999 * 109.46592 * 180.02562 * 20 19 18 42 42 H 1.09007 * 109.46911 * 299.99617 * 20 19 18 43 43 H 1.08996 * 109.47214 * 60.00077 * 21 19 18 44 44 H 1.09003 * 109.46821 * 180.02562 * 21 19 18 45 45 H 1.08999 * 109.47575 * 299.99785 * 21 19 18 46 46 H 1.08996 * 109.47366 * 59.99501 * 22 19 18 47 47 H 1.08999 * 109.47145 * 179.97438 * 22 19 18 48 48 H 1.09005 * 109.46829 * 299.99584 * 22 19 18 49 49 H 1.08997 * 113.61214 * 25.42929 * 23 9 8 50 50 H 1.08998 * 113.61600 * 156.32751 * 23 9 8 51 51 H 1.08002 * 127.25153 * 179.83669 * 24 4 3 52 52 H 1.09003 * 109.47169 * 270.00565 * 26 25 2 53 53 H 0.96700 * 113.99525 * 179.97438 * 27 26 25 54 54 H 1.48496 * 110.00284 * 299.99907 * 28 26 25 55 55 H 1.48497 * 110.00262 * 61.32291 * 28 26 25 Note: An asterisk (*) indicates this parameter was or will be optimized. Cartesian coordinates (angstroms) NO. Atom X Y Z 1 6 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2 7 1.4650 0.0000 0.0000 3 7 2.1997 1.0539 0.0000 4 6 3.4740 0.7170 0.0057 5 6 4.6272 1.6399 0.0141 6 8 5.7596 1.1978 0.0160 7 7 4.4240 2.9723 0.0198 8 6 5.5678 3.8877 0.0286 9 6 5.0646 5.3325 0.0343 10 1 4.2433 5.4974 -0.6632 11 6 4.7988 5.8869 1.4439 12 6 6.2677 6.3422 1.4563 13 9 7.1513 5.3765 1.9501 14 6 6.4773 7.7188 2.0900 15 7 6.6588 7.5682 3.5359 16 6 6.8613 8.6552 4.3066 17 8 6.8928 9.7603 3.8021 18 8 7.0276 8.5169 5.6354 19 6 7.2418 9.7308 6.4029 20 6 6.0381 10.6600 6.2338 21 6 7.4080 9.3763 7.8819 22 6 8.5041 10.4350 5.9017 23 6 6.1880 6.3765 -0.0791 24 6 3.5272 -0.6970 -0.0009 25 6 2.2373 -1.1076 -0.0005 26 6 1.7534 -2.5349 -0.0001 27 8 0.4950 -2.6113 -0.6729 28 14 2.9941 -3.6114 -0.8790 29 1 -0.3634 -0.0004 1.0277 30 1 -0.3634 0.8902 -0.5134 31 1 -0.3634 -0.8897 -0.5142 32 1 3.5204 3.3251 0.0187 33 1 6.1690 3.7092 0.9202 34 1 6.1760 3.7178 -0.8598 35 1 4.0860 6.7113 1.4616 36 1 4.5744 5.1160 2.1811 37 1 7.3629 8.1861 1.6595 38 1 5.6059 8.3444 1.8965 39 1 6.6333 6.6861 3.9387 40 1 5.1387 10.1584 6.5908 41 1 6.1990 11.5714 6.8096 42 1 5.9193 10.9126 5.1800 43 1 8.2652 8.7141 8.0028 44 1 7.5683 10.2876 8.4581 45 1 6.5084 8.8749 8.2388 46 1 8.3853 10.6875 4.8480 47 1 8.6647 11.3465 6.4775 48 1 9.3616 9.7729 6.0222 49 1 7.0850 6.0009 -0.5713 50 1 5.8550 7.3348 -0.4777 51 1 4.4108 -1.3180 -0.0013 52 1 1.6374 -2.8789 1.0277 53 1 0.1231 -3.5031 -0.7111 54 1 3.1613 -3.1527 -2.2814 55 1 4.2984 -3.5655 -0.1707 There are 75 doubly filled levels RHF calculation, no. of doubly occupied orbitals= 75 No. of singly occupied orbitals= 1 REFERENCES FOR PARAMETERS IN GAS-PHASE HAMILTONIAN: H: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) C: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) N: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) O: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) F: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR AND E. G. ZOEBISCH, THEOCHEM, 180, 1 (1988). Si: (AM1): M.J.S.DEWAR, C. JIE, ORGANOMETALLICS, 6, 1486-1490 (1987). REFERENCE FOR CHARGE MODEL 2: J. Li, J. Xing, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, J. Chem. Phys. 111 (1999) 885. REFERENCE FOR THE PARAMETERIZATION OF THE SM5.42R SOLVATION MODEL: J. Li, T. Zhu, G. D. Hawkins, P. Winget, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, Theor. Chem. Acc. 103 (1999) 9-63 P. Winget, J. D. Thompson C. J. Cramer,and D. G. Truhlar, J. Phys. Chem. B. submitted. CHARGE=0 AM1 1SCF TLIMIT=15 GEO-OK SM5.42R & SOLVNT=WATER m_22_16500038_13259642.mol2 55 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED SCF FIELD WAS ACHIEVED Wall clock time and date at job start Thu Mar 4 2021 17:45:29 Heat of formation + Delta-G solvation = -88.338955 kcal Electronic energy + Delta-G solvation = -37723.481646 eV Core-core repulsion = 32486.674364 eV Total energy + Delta-G solvation = -5236.807283 eV No. of doubly occupied orbitals = 75 and no. of open levels = 1 Molecular weight (most abundant/longest-lived isotopes) = 399.205 amu Computer time = 1.75 seconds Orbital eigenvalues (eV) -48.96039 -43.97260 -41.86491 -40.85694 -39.66929 -38.44431 -37.93556 -36.19358 -35.50805 -34.82572 -34.48917 -32.89982 -30.47754 -28.78223 -28.40328 -28.34211 -27.44566 -27.04008 -26.50966 -24.32244 -23.56158 -22.72963 -22.31771 -21.35505 -21.00419 -20.13621 -19.39770 -18.63163 -18.42512 -17.95490 -17.67327 -17.52701 -17.46221 -17.39565 -16.98209 -16.75380 -16.48601 -16.19005 -15.89238 -15.76047 -15.58573 -15.49102 -15.24028 -15.14710 -14.87043 -14.82237 -14.46610 -14.36825 -14.11495 -14.03214 -13.78054 -13.62167 -13.46014 -13.39896 -13.17818 -13.09286 -12.96177 -12.95510 -12.91284 -12.56225 -12.46398 -12.35917 -12.20018 -12.09787 -12.06823 -11.60342 -11.44994 -11.42816 -11.26384 -11.16234 -10.91274 -10.46555 -10.35941 -10.14610 -9.96963 -5.03269 0.28385 0.64365 1.05541 1.17315 1.52126 1.66086 1.66397 1.95126 2.04591 2.12714 2.92562 2.97417 3.06106 3.11261 3.19108 3.23444 3.39000 3.47385 3.53259 3.70028 3.75479 3.87083 3.90384 4.00519 4.19687 4.27407 4.30117 4.36180 4.37135 4.41995 4.45335 4.45776 4.51553 4.55631 4.58007 4.64585 4.69185 4.71143 4.72790 4.81001 4.83560 4.83725 4.84286 4.90069 4.94890 5.02216 5.04410 5.14247 5.22740 5.23547 5.26352 5.29710 5.49907 5.56369 6.22851 6.23379 6.66340 6.83092 6.96054 7.21597 Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions calculated with CM2 Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C 0.068 3.932 2 N -0.256 5.256 3 N -0.258 5.258 4 C -0.037 4.037 5 C 0.601 3.399 6 O -0.573 6.573 7 N -0.700 5.700 8 C 0.128 3.872 9 C -0.117 4.117 10 H 0.119 0.881 11 C -0.142 4.142 12 C 0.072 3.928 13 F -0.199 7.199 14 C 0.131 3.869 15 N -0.704 5.704 16 C 0.646 3.354 17 O -0.589 6.589 18 O -0.371 6.371 19 C 0.126 3.874 20 C -0.179 4.179 21 C -0.138 4.138 22 C -0.180 4.180 23 C -0.130 4.130 24 C -0.218 4.218 25 C 0.029 3.971 26 C -0.042 4.042 27 O -0.557 6.557 28 Si 0.811 3.189 29 H 0.100 0.900 30 H 0.101 0.899 31 H 0.137 0.863 32 H 0.417 0.583 33 H 0.065 0.935 34 H 0.067 0.933 35 H 0.130 0.870 36 H 0.076 0.924 37 H 0.078 0.922 38 H 0.106 0.894 39 H 0.414 0.586 40 H 0.062 0.938 41 H 0.088 0.912 42 H 0.065 0.935 43 H 0.067 0.933 44 H 0.100 0.900 45 H 0.069 0.931 46 H 0.064 0.936 47 H 0.089 0.911 48 H 0.059 0.941 49 H 0.086 0.914 50 H 0.137 0.863 51 H 0.154 0.846 52 H 0.119 0.881 53 H 0.416 0.584 54 H -0.310 1.310 55 H -0.295 1.295 For the charges calculated by CM2: Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -9.773 -3.714 0.860 10.490 Note: The Mulliken population analysis charges presented below were not used in the solvation calculation but are provided for completeness. The chosen solvation model uses CM2 partial charges for calculating solvation energies. Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions using Mulliken population analysis Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C -0.070 4.070 2 N -0.045 5.045 3 N -0.096 5.096 4 C -0.195 4.195 5 C 0.386 3.614 6 O -0.450 6.450 7 N -0.351 5.351 8 C 0.005 3.995 9 C -0.136 4.136 10 H 0.137 0.863 11 C -0.180 4.180 12 C 0.054 3.946 13 F -0.179 7.179 14 C 0.009 3.991 15 N -0.364 5.364 16 C 0.400 3.600 17 O -0.480 6.480 18 O -0.286 6.286 19 C 0.090 3.910 20 C -0.236 4.236 21 C -0.195 4.195 22 C -0.238 4.238 23 C -0.168 4.168 24 C -0.246 4.246 25 C -0.097 4.097 26 C -0.152 4.152 27 O -0.369 6.369 28 Si 0.717 3.283 29 H 0.118 0.882 30 H 0.119 0.881 31 H 0.154 0.846 32 H 0.254 0.746 33 H 0.083 0.917 34 H 0.085 0.915 35 H 0.148 0.852 36 H 0.095 0.905 37 H 0.096 0.904 38 H 0.124 0.876 39 H 0.250 0.750 40 H 0.081 0.919 41 H 0.107 0.893 42 H 0.084 0.916 43 H 0.086 0.914 44 H 0.119 0.881 45 H 0.088 0.912 46 H 0.083 0.917 47 H 0.108 0.892 48 H 0.078 0.922 49 H 0.105 0.895 50 H 0.155 0.845 51 H 0.171 0.829 52 H 0.136 0.864 53 H 0.271 0.729 54 H -0.239 1.239 55 H -0.223 1.223 Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -8.928 -1.918 0.232 9.135 hybrid contribution 0.682 -0.382 0.413 0.884 sum -8.246 -2.299 0.645 8.585 Atomic orbital electron populations 1.22935 0.69931 1.07923 1.06190 1.45815 1.09398 1.01477 1.47823 1.73439 1.02237 1.14763 1.19205 1.21735 0.91273 0.93864 1.12671 1.17018 0.86159 0.82355 0.75835 1.90788 1.24104 1.77957 1.52191 1.45685 1.11483 1.04385 1.73567 1.21379 0.87843 0.87802 1.02497 1.22465 1.00454 0.91639 0.99028 0.86330 1.23780 0.94226 1.02814 0.97165 1.22406 0.90343 0.85248 0.96640 1.92846 1.70814 1.65168 1.89080 1.21932 1.04358 0.95886 0.76943 1.44583 1.75898 1.08285 1.07632 1.18231 0.76139 0.84473 0.81168 1.90910 1.57258 1.25162 1.74706 1.86319 1.84584 1.39799 1.17897 1.22398 0.96156 0.81287 0.91199 1.22470 0.96961 1.00164 1.04012 1.21898 1.03435 1.03955 0.90244 1.22478 0.96262 1.01661 1.03355 1.23609 0.99775 1.01610 0.91800 1.21521 0.97109 0.94251 1.11724 1.21427 0.90235 0.91336 1.06693 1.24371 0.95179 0.91614 1.04060 1.86206 1.33842 1.37797 1.79073 0.94593 0.75354 0.83619 0.74708 0.88183 0.88056 0.84550 0.74551 0.91687 0.91495 0.85220 0.90490 0.90395 0.87605 0.75032 0.91871 0.89328 0.91586 0.91408 0.88101 0.91171 0.91692 0.89240 0.92187 0.89537 0.84463 0.82887 0.86377 0.72937 1.23885 1.22290 Number of geometries 1 Number of calculations of the screened coulomb radii 1 The total number of SCF iterations 15. Note: The number of geometries may not correspond to the number of cycles due to rejected geometry changes. In the following table subtotal= G_P + SS G_CDS. Atom Chem. CM2 G_P Area Sigma k SS G_CDS Subtotal M number symbol chg. (kcal) (Ang**2) cal/(Ang**2) (kcal) (kcal) value 1 C 0.07 -0.32 11.00 127.77 1.41 1.09 16 2 N -0.26 -1.04 3.70 -355.92 -1.32 -2.36 16 3 N -0.26 -2.02 11.67 -48.18 -0.56 -2.58 16 4 C -0.04 -0.44 7.13 42.46 0.30 -0.14 16 5 C 0.60 7.82 7.82 86.74 0.68 8.50 16 6 O -0.57 -11.72 16.93 -3.92 -0.07 -11.79 16 7 N -0.70 -3.51 5.55 -466.10 -2.59 -6.10 16 8 C 0.13 0.37 5.28 86.38 0.46 0.83 16 9 C -0.12 0.58 3.94 -10.27 -0.04 0.54 16 10 H 0.12 -1.00 8.14 -2.38 -0.02 -1.02 16 11 C -0.14 0.79 7.07 31.12 0.22 1.01 16 12 C 0.07 -0.19 1.73 -10.27 -0.02 -0.21 16 13 F -0.20 -0.81 14.80 44.97 0.67 -0.15 16 14 C 0.13 -0.16 5.42 86.38 0.47 0.30 16 15 N -0.70 -1.94 5.45 -590.86 -3.22 -5.17 16 16 C 0.65 5.18 8.06 129.79 1.05 6.23 16 17 O -0.59 -7.15 11.88 19.78 0.24 -6.91 16 18 O -0.37 -2.72 9.94 -55.38 -0.55 -3.27 16 19 C 0.13 0.50 1.13 -10.80 -0.01 0.49 16 20 C -0.18 -0.61 8.37 71.98 0.60 -0.01 16 21 C -0.14 0.12 8.85 71.98 0.64 0.76 16 22 C -0.18 -0.77 8.37 71.98 0.60 -0.17 16 23 C -0.13 0.78 7.13 31.12 0.22 1.01 16 24 C -0.22 -2.32 9.35 22.41 0.21 -2.11 16 25 C 0.03 0.13 6.21 41.40 0.26 0.39 16 26 C -0.04 0.20 2.98 71.24 0.21 0.41 16 27 O -0.56 5.00 9.76 -148.98 -1.45 3.54 16 28 Si 0.81 -2.69 31.31 68.60 2.15 -0.54 16 29 H 0.10 -0.78 8.14 -2.38 -0.02 -0.80 16 30 H 0.10 -0.64 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.66 16 31 H 0.14 -0.94 5.19 -2.39 -0.01 -0.95 16 32 H 0.42 0.24 8.20 -92.71 -0.76 -0.52 16 33 H 0.06 0.46 6.31 -2.38 -0.02 0.45 16 34 H 0.07 0.33 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 0.31 16 35 H 0.13 -1.26 7.90 -2.39 -0.02 -1.28 16 36 H 0.08 -0.22 8.10 -2.39 -0.02 -0.24 16 37 H 0.08 0.02 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 0.00 16 38 H 0.11 -0.40 7.84 -2.39 -0.02 -0.42 16 39 H 0.41 0.50 8.14 -92.71 -0.75 -0.25 16 40 H 0.06 0.17 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 0.15 16 41 H 0.09 -0.02 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.04 16 42 H 0.07 0.54 5.88 -2.38 -0.01 0.53 16 43 H 0.07 -0.04 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.06 16 44 H 0.10 -0.46 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.48 16 45 H 0.07 -0.08 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.10 16 46 H 0.06 0.60 5.88 -2.39 -0.01 0.59 16 47 H 0.09 0.04 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 0.02 16 48 H 0.06 0.25 8.14 -2.38 -0.02 0.23 16 49 H 0.09 -0.36 8.10 -2.39 -0.02 -0.38 16 50 H 0.14 -1.49 8.10 -2.39 -0.02 -1.51 16 51 H 0.15 1.76 6.91 -2.91 -0.02 1.74 16 52 H 0.12 -1.19 7.96 -2.39 -0.02 -1.21 16 53 H 0.42 -8.19 8.74 -74.06 -0.65 -8.84 16 54 H -0.31 -2.06 7.11 99.48 0.71 -1.36 16 55 H -0.30 -1.23 6.94 99.48 0.69 -0.54 16 Total: 0.00 -32.37 445.86 -0.65 -33.02 By element: Atomic # 1 Polarization: -15.43 SS G_CDS: -1.19 Total: -16.62 kcal Atomic # 6 Polarization: 11.68 SS G_CDS: 7.25 Total: 18.93 kcal Atomic # 7 Polarization: -8.52 SS G_CDS: -7.69 Total: -16.21 kcal Atomic # 8 Polarization: -16.59 SS G_CDS: -1.84 Total: -18.43 kcal Atomic # 9 Polarization: -0.81 SS G_CDS: 0.67 Total: -0.15 kcal Atomic # 14 Polarization: -2.69 SS G_CDS: 2.15 Total: -0.54 kcal Total: -32.37 -0.65 -33.02 kcal The number of atoms in the molecule is 55 The average number of expansion shells was 16.00 The maximum number of expansion shells was 16 The minimum number of expansion shells was 16 **** NOTA BENE **** This is the net solvation energy for this exact molecular structure (nuclear and electronic)! The standard-state solvation energy should be obtained as the difference between the heat of formation plus delta-G solvation for the relaxed solvated system and that for the relaxed gas-phase system. m_22_16500038_13259642.mol2 55 1SCF run This is a breakdown of the solvation energy calculated without geometric relaxation in solution: (1) E-EN(sol) electronic-nuclear energy of solute -55.316 kcal (2) G-P(sol) polarization free energy of solvation -32.374 kcal (3) G-ENP(sol) elect.-nuc.-pol. free energy of system -87.690 kcal (4) G-CDS(sol) cavity-dispersion-solvent structure free energy -0.649 kcal (5) G-P-CDS(sol) = G-P(sol) + G-CDS(sol) = (2) + (4) -33.023 kcal (6) G-S(sol) free energy of system = (1) + (5) -88.339 kcal 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED Total computer time = 1.75 seconds