Wall clock time and date at job start Sat Mar 6 2021 05:57:42 AMSOL-version 7.1 by G. D. Hawkins, D. J. Giesen, G. C. Lynch, C. C. Chambers, I. Rossi, J. W. Storer, J. Li, J. D. Thompson, P. Winget, B. J. Lynch, D. Rinaldi, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar Copyright 2004 by Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Notice: recipients of this code are asked to comply with the user agreement in Section 1 of the documentation file. ******************************************************************************* * 1SCF - SCF CALCULATION WITHOUT GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION * - USE EF ROUTINE FOR MINIMUM SEARCH (DEFAULT) * GEO-OK - OVERRIDE INTERATOMIC DISTANCE CHECK * TLIMIT= - A TIME OF 15. SECONDS REQUESTED * CHARGE - CHARGE ON SYSTEM= 0 * AM1 - THE AM1 HAMILTONIAN TO BE USED * DEV - DEVELOPER OPTIONS ARE ALLOWED * SM5.42R - SM5.42R CALCULATIONS WILL BE PERFORMED * - CHARGE MODEL 2 WILL BE USED (CM2A) * - THE SOLVENT IS USER-SPECIFIED * DIELEC - THE SOLVENT DIELECTRIC CONSTANT IS 2.06 * IOFR - THE SOLVENT INDEX OF REFRACTION IS 1.4345 * ALPHA - THE SOLVENT ALPHA IS 0.00 * BETA - THE SOLVENT BETA IS 0.00 * GAMMA - THE SOLVENT MACROSCOPIC SURFACE TENSION IS * 38.93 CAL MOL^-1 ANGSTROM^-2 * FACARB - THE FRACTION OF AROMATIC CARBONS IS 0.00 * FEHALO - THE FRACTION OF ELECTRONEGATIVE HALOGENS IS 0.00 ******************************************************************************* Atom NO. Chemical Bond length Bond angle Dihedral angle number (k) symbol (angstroms) (degrees) (degrees) (I) NA:I NB:NA:I NC:NB:NA:I NA NB NC 1 1 C 2 2 Si 1.86305 * 1 3 3 C 1.86295 * 110.00221 * 2 1 4 4 C 1.87380 * 109.94664 * 121.21904 * 2 1 3 5 5 C 1.53717 * 107.28135 * 164.90042 * 4 2 1 6 6 C 1.52515 * 109.64221 * 300.87533 * 5 4 2 7 7 C 1.50703 * 109.04472 * 197.55116 * 6 5 4 8 8 O 1.20829 * 119.99664 * 0.02562 * 7 6 5 9 9 O 1.34224 * 120.00385 * 179.97438 * 7 6 5 10 10 C 1.45201 * 117.00076 * 179.97438 * 9 7 6 11 11 C 1.50701 * 109.47239 * 180.02562 * 10 9 7 12 12 C 1.37820 * 120.03901 * 359.71944 * 11 10 9 13 13 C 1.38836 * 120.70646 * 179.81012 * 12 11 10 14 14 Br 1.89098 * 119.86729 * 180.21935 * 13 12 11 15 15 C 1.37853 * 120.27300 * 0.45308 * 13 12 11 16 16 C 1.39394 * 119.52299 * 359.78894 * 15 13 12 17 17 C 1.38984 * 120.04075 * 180.02562 * 11 10 9 18 18 O 1.34881 * 120.98146 * 359.97438 * 17 11 10 19 19 C 1.33709 * 122.40765 * 180.02562 * 18 17 11 20 20 C 1.34544 * 122.85303 * 359.95541 * 19 18 17 21 21 C 1.50702 * 120.20547 * 180.02562 * 20 19 18 22 22 O 1.42899 * 109.47096 * 119.97978 * 21 20 19 23 23 Si 1.86296 * 109.47000 * 359.97438 * 21 20 19 24 24 H 1.48502 * 109.47099 * 299.99742 * 23 21 20 25 25 H 1.48506 * 109.47312 * 59.99791 * 23 21 20 26 26 H 1.48504 * 109.47362 * 179.97438 * 23 21 20 27 27 C 1.41999 * 119.59055 * 0.02562 * 20 19 18 28 28 O 1.21924 * 121.40809 * 179.97438 * 27 20 19 29 29 C 1.52526 * 111.65724 * 76.99445 * 6 5 4 30 30 C 1.53714 * 109.63776 * 283.00641 * 29 6 5 31 31 H 1.08996 * 109.46898 * 298.78559 * 1 2 3 32 32 H 1.09004 * 109.46817 * 58.78178 * 1 2 3 33 33 H 1.08997 * 109.47130 * 178.77720 * 1 2 3 34 34 H 1.09003 * 109.47139 * 181.21886 * 3 2 1 35 35 H 1.09005 * 109.47366 * 301.21939 * 3 2 1 36 36 H 1.08994 * 109.47482 * 61.21948 * 3 2 1 37 37 H 1.08999 * 109.89206 * 45.45829 * 4 2 1 38 38 H 1.08994 * 109.89087 * 284.34567 * 4 2 1 39 39 H 1.09004 * 109.44094 * 60.92915 * 5 4 2 40 40 H 1.08999 * 109.44126 * 180.82208 * 5 4 2 41 41 H 1.08998 * 109.04601 * 316.43018 * 6 5 4 42 42 H 1.09005 * 109.47534 * 300.00750 * 10 9 7 43 43 H 1.08996 * 109.47219 * 60.00338 * 10 9 7 44 44 H 1.08009 * 119.65276 * 0.02562 * 12 11 10 45 45 H 1.08000 * 120.23591 * 179.76669 * 15 13 12 46 46 H 1.08003 * 118.57434 * 179.97438 * 19 18 17 47 47 H 1.08995 * 109.47243 * 239.97854 * 21 20 19 48 48 H 0.96701 * 114.00344 * 180.02562 * 22 21 20 49 49 H 1.08993 * 109.44158 * 43.05651 * 29 6 5 50 50 H 1.08996 * 109.44342 * 162.95520 * 29 6 5 51 51 H 1.09005 * 109.89091 * 178.57223 * 30 29 6 52 52 H 1.08997 * 109.89439 * 299.68042 * 30 29 6 Note: An asterisk (*) indicates this parameter was or will be optimized. Cartesian coordinates (angstroms) NO. Atom X Y Z 1 6 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2 14 1.8631 0.0000 0.0000 3 6 2.5003 1.7506 0.0000 4 6 2.5023 -0.9130 1.5063 5 6 3.9902 -1.2118 1.2618 6 6 4.1431 -2.0547 0.0000 7 6 5.5064 -2.6970 -0.0001 8 8 6.2685 -2.4970 0.9160 9 8 5.8738 -3.4920 -1.0173 10 6 7.2014 -4.0762 -0.9511 11 6 7.4354 -4.9311 -2.1699 12 6 6.4488 -5.0572 -3.1239 13 6 6.6511 -5.8380 -4.2540 14 35 5.2834 -5.9894 -5.5510 15 6 7.8430 -6.5072 -4.4321 16 6 8.8463 -6.3910 -3.4714 17 6 8.6441 -5.5983 -2.3301 18 8 9.6221 -5.4946 -1.4071 19 6 10.7955 -6.1233 -1.5326 20 6 11.0945 -6.9076 -2.5841 21 6 12.4364 -7.5888 -2.6646 22 8 12.2497 -9.0047 -2.7126 23 14 13.4483 -7.1463 -1.1643 24 1 13.6424 -5.6748 -1.1146 25 1 12.7387 -7.5937 0.0611 26 1 14.7704 -7.8180 -1.2432 27 6 10.1379 -7.0896 -3.6176 28 8 10.3741 -7.7925 -4.5855 29 6 3.9901 -1.2118 -1.2620 30 6 2.5023 -0.9129 -1.5064 31 1 -0.3633 0.4948 0.9006 32 1 -0.3633 0.5327 -0.8789 33 1 -0.3633 -1.0274 -0.0219 34 1 3.5901 1.7406 -0.0219 35 1 2.1240 2.2742 -0.8789 36 1 2.1597 2.2613 0.9006 37 1 1.9530 -1.8455 1.6356 38 1 2.3901 -0.2894 2.3932 39 1 4.5333 -0.2746 1.1402 40 1 4.3954 -1.7575 2.1139 41 1 3.3833 -2.8362 -0.0001 42 1 7.9468 -3.2816 -0.9164 43 1 7.2837 -4.6908 -0.0547 44 1 5.5095 -4.5404 -2.9928 45 1 7.9983 -7.1174 -5.3096 46 1 11.5353 -5.9963 -0.7560 47 1 12.9573 -7.2603 -3.5639 48 1 13.0734 -9.5086 -2.7650 49 1 4.5332 -0.2747 -1.1403 50 1 4.3953 -1.7574 -2.1141 51 1 2.3901 -0.2894 -2.3934 52 1 1.9530 -1.8455 -1.6356 RHF calculation, no. of doubly occupied orbitals= 73 REFERENCES FOR PARAMETERS IN GAS-PHASE HAMILTONIAN: H: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) C: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) O: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) Si: (AM1): M.J.S.DEWAR, C. JIE, ORGANOMETALLICS, 6, 1486-1490 (1987). Br: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR AND E. G. ZOEBISCH, THEOCHEM, 180, 1 (1988). REFERENCE FOR CHARGE MODEL 2: J. Li, J. Xing, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, J. Chem. Phys. 111 (1999) 885. REFERENCE FOR THE PARAMETERIZATION OF THE SM5.42R SOLVATION MODEL: J. Li, T. Zhu, G. D. Hawkins, P. Winget, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, Theor. Chem. Acc. 103 (1999) 9-63 P. Winget, J. D. Thompson C. J. Cramer,and D. G. Truhlar, J. Phys. Chem. B. submitted. CHARGE=0 AM1 1SCF TLIMIT=15 GEO-OK SM5.42R & SOLVNT=GENORG IOFR=1.4345 ALPHA=0.00 BETA=0.00 GAMMA=38.93 & DIELEC=2.06 FACARB=0.00 FEHALO=0.00 DEV s_1458_17543216_484008.mol2 52 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED SCF FIELD WAS ACHIEVED Wall clock time and date at job start Sat Mar 6 2021 05:57:42 Heat of formation + Delta-G solvation = -176.591614 kcal Electronic energy + Delta-G solvation = -36135.486742 eV Core-core repulsion = 31235.850532 eV Total energy + Delta-G solvation = -4899.636210 eV No. of doubly occupied orbitals = 73 Molecular weight (most abundant/longest-lived isotopes) = 468.065 amu Computer time = 1.48 seconds Orbital eigenvalues (eV) -43.29330 -41.79547 -39.98215 -39.82383 -38.16465 -37.70639 -37.04851 -34.67187 -33.67883 -33.11372 -32.14738 -30.67010 -29.66857 -28.86571 -28.51273 -27.62276 -27.45031 -25.80951 -24.32759 -23.57607 -23.24218 -22.30879 -21.14259 -20.56583 -19.57958 -18.81933 -18.55149 -18.41439 -17.86961 -17.68218 -17.37473 -16.66367 -16.45313 -16.35697 -16.18584 -15.88560 -15.58530 -15.35207 -15.24926 -15.14475 -14.91634 -14.78776 -14.30865 -14.13588 -14.04957 -13.99417 -13.93607 -13.81571 -13.56557 -13.43865 -13.34289 -13.30593 -13.19081 -12.92015 -12.86107 -12.65375 -12.49925 -12.29955 -12.25656 -12.18616 -12.08867 -11.96206 -11.77749 -11.43468 -11.39504 -11.01508 -10.89971 -10.65302 -10.58341 -10.37298 -10.30347 -10.27247 -9.49488 -0.76394 -0.64179 0.06161 0.40312 0.87813 0.92580 1.13745 1.20090 1.24868 1.36859 1.51583 1.65059 1.66347 1.76352 1.81351 2.38383 2.52040 2.76306 2.89196 3.04853 3.21420 3.45753 3.52903 3.61301 3.70064 3.75898 3.82257 3.88381 3.97226 4.06103 4.08776 4.12991 4.22645 4.26720 4.33062 4.39426 4.52671 4.54721 4.62609 4.66697 4.68029 4.69641 4.70064 4.71102 4.71910 4.75668 4.84148 5.00990 5.06593 5.08174 5.15356 5.27166 5.30767 5.33961 5.44977 5.51011 5.77903 6.48317 6.56488 6.65293 Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions calculated with CM2 Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C -0.447 4.447 2 Si 0.988 3.012 3 C -0.447 4.447 4 C -0.405 4.405 5 C -0.098 4.098 6 C -0.085 4.085 7 C 0.468 3.532 8 O -0.500 6.500 9 O -0.355 6.355 10 C 0.117 3.883 11 C -0.105 4.105 12 C -0.012 4.012 13 C -0.120 4.120 14 Br -0.024 7.024 15 C 0.003 3.997 16 C -0.211 4.211 17 C 0.162 3.838 18 O -0.211 6.211 19 C 0.129 3.871 20 C -0.263 4.263 21 C -0.053 4.053 22 O -0.537 6.537 23 Si 0.919 3.081 24 H -0.241 1.241 25 H -0.239 1.239 26 H -0.239 1.239 27 C 0.435 3.565 28 O -0.437 6.437 29 C -0.103 4.103 30 C -0.403 4.403 31 H 0.069 0.931 32 H 0.069 0.931 33 H 0.069 0.931 34 H 0.069 0.931 35 H 0.069 0.931 36 H 0.069 0.931 37 H 0.078 0.922 38 H 0.081 0.919 39 H 0.072 0.928 40 H 0.078 0.922 41 H 0.115 0.885 42 H 0.094 0.906 43 H 0.094 0.906 44 H 0.162 0.838 45 H 0.156 0.844 46 H 0.195 0.805 47 H 0.083 0.917 48 H 0.382 0.618 49 H 0.072 0.928 50 H 0.078 0.922 51 H 0.082 0.918 52 H 0.080 0.920 For the charges calculated by CM2: Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -0.558 3.120 2.061 3.781 Note: The Mulliken population analysis charges presented below were not used in the solvation calculation but are provided for completeness. The chosen solvation model uses CM2 partial charges for calculating solvation energies. Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions using Mulliken population analysis Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C -0.555 4.555 2 Si 1.185 2.815 3 C -0.555 4.555 4 C -0.491 4.491 5 C -0.135 4.135 6 C -0.104 4.104 7 C 0.311 3.689 8 O -0.386 6.386 9 O -0.272 6.272 10 C 0.043 3.957 11 C -0.107 4.107 12 C -0.032 4.032 13 C -0.200 4.200 14 Br 0.061 6.939 15 C -0.017 4.017 16 C -0.213 4.213 17 C 0.116 3.884 18 O -0.115 6.115 19 C 0.064 3.936 20 C -0.266 4.266 21 C -0.163 4.163 22 O -0.343 6.343 23 Si 0.740 3.260 24 H -0.165 1.165 25 H -0.162 1.162 26 H -0.162 1.162 27 C 0.317 3.683 28 O -0.315 6.315 29 C -0.141 4.141 30 C -0.489 4.489 31 H 0.088 0.912 32 H 0.088 0.912 33 H 0.088 0.912 34 H 0.088 0.912 35 H 0.088 0.912 36 H 0.088 0.912 37 H 0.097 0.903 38 H 0.100 0.900 39 H 0.091 0.909 40 H 0.096 0.904 41 H 0.132 0.868 42 H 0.112 0.888 43 H 0.112 0.888 44 H 0.179 0.821 45 H 0.174 0.826 46 H 0.211 0.789 47 H 0.101 0.899 48 H 0.230 0.770 49 H 0.090 0.910 50 H 0.096 0.904 51 H 0.100 0.900 52 H 0.099 0.901 Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -0.866 3.257 2.278 4.068 hybrid contribution 0.930 -0.458 -0.141 1.046 sum 0.064 2.800 2.137 3.523 Atomic orbital electron populations 1.26068 1.20403 1.04520 1.04493 0.79696 0.67056 0.67540 0.67230 1.26102 1.06364 1.18517 1.04507 1.26287 0.99537 1.08482 1.14787 1.21148 0.96824 0.99887 0.95632 1.21197 0.90897 0.99587 0.98748 1.23915 0.90160 0.75824 0.79007 1.90702 1.53633 1.58720 1.35580 1.86406 1.34558 1.59229 1.46987 1.21503 0.82400 0.96272 0.95512 1.18792 0.91489 1.01824 0.98578 1.21049 0.99009 0.93665 0.89473 1.21837 0.95755 1.04865 0.97561 1.96841 1.47132 1.97619 1.52280 1.21135 0.89201 0.93806 0.97560 1.20729 0.99448 1.04412 0.96741 1.18904 0.86990 0.95099 0.87367 1.83098 1.21383 1.62396 1.44588 1.23648 0.84082 0.89378 0.96510 1.20956 1.00611 1.06223 0.98807 1.24249 0.96667 0.85185 1.10238 1.86531 1.35498 1.14880 1.97366 0.86180 0.80360 0.81690 0.77791 1.16484 1.16199 1.16212 1.18168 0.84673 0.79630 0.85863 1.90763 1.78879 1.31606 1.30227 1.21223 0.97677 0.99726 0.95428 1.26265 0.99307 1.08605 1.14734 0.91213 0.91202 0.91156 0.91206 0.91200 0.91192 0.90317 0.89995 0.90895 0.90371 0.86758 0.88759 0.88777 0.82066 0.82624 0.78907 0.89932 0.76992 0.90974 0.90361 0.89957 0.90082 Number of geometries 1 Number of calculations of the screened coulomb radii 1 The total number of SCF iterations 14. Note: The number of geometries may not correspond to the number of cycles due to rejected geometry changes. In the following table subtotal= G_P + SS G_CDS. Atom Chem. CM2 G_P Area Sigma k SS G_CDS Subtotal M number symbol chg. (kcal) (Ang**2) cal/(Ang**2) (kcal) (kcal) value 1 C -0.45 1.10 8.65 101.05 0.87 1.98 16 2 Si 0.99 -3.71 11.59 -169.99 -1.97 -5.68 16 3 C -0.45 1.03 8.65 101.05 0.87 1.90 16 4 C -0.41 1.07 4.98 37.53 0.19 1.26 16 5 C -0.10 0.12 4.52 -26.61 -0.12 0.00 16 6 C -0.09 0.14 2.21 -92.26 -0.20 -0.06 16 7 C 0.47 0.28 7.23 36.01 0.26 0.55 16 8 O -0.50 -1.71 15.35 -18.75 -0.29 -2.00 16 9 O -0.35 0.07 8.18 -39.24 -0.32 -0.25 16 10 C 0.12 -0.05 5.38 36.01 0.19 0.14 16 11 C -0.11 0.00 5.89 -104.50 -0.62 -0.61 16 12 C -0.01 0.00 9.10 -39.51 -0.36 -0.36 16 13 C -0.12 -0.09 6.22 -39.50 -0.25 -0.34 16 14 Br -0.02 -0.02 33.69 -68.01 -2.29 -2.31 16 15 C 0.00 0.00 9.40 -39.29 -0.37 -0.36 16 16 C -0.21 -0.47 5.89 -104.84 -0.62 -1.09 16 17 C 0.16 0.14 6.74 -38.49 -0.26 -0.12 16 18 O -0.21 0.04 9.21 5.66 0.05 0.09 16 19 C 0.13 -0.11 10.00 29.43 0.29 0.18 16 20 C -0.26 -0.34 5.43 -104.49 -0.57 -0.91 16 21 C -0.05 0.01 2.53 36.01 0.09 0.10 16 22 O -0.54 -0.62 12.49 -36.35 -0.45 -1.08 16 23 Si 0.92 -2.18 25.09 -169.99 -4.26 -6.44 16 24 H -0.24 0.66 7.11 56.52 0.40 1.06 16 25 H -0.24 0.42 7.11 56.52 0.40 0.82 16 26 H -0.24 0.46 7.11 56.52 0.40 0.86 16 27 C 0.44 1.62 6.91 -34.34 -0.24 1.39 16 28 O -0.44 -2.88 16.66 3.87 0.06 -2.82 16 29 C -0.10 0.26 4.95 -26.60 -0.13 0.13 16 30 C -0.40 1.35 4.98 37.53 0.19 1.53 16 31 H 0.07 -0.15 7.96 -51.93 -0.41 -0.56 16 32 H 0.07 -0.16 7.96 -51.93 -0.41 -0.57 16 33 H 0.07 -0.17 7.96 -51.93 -0.41 -0.59 16 34 H 0.07 -0.15 7.96 -51.93 -0.41 -0.56 16 35 H 0.07 -0.15 7.96 -51.93 -0.41 -0.57 16 36 H 0.07 -0.14 7.96 -51.93 -0.41 -0.56 16 37 H 0.08 -0.23 7.99 -51.93 -0.41 -0.65 16 38 H 0.08 -0.21 7.99 -51.93 -0.41 -0.62 16 39 H 0.07 -0.10 7.69 -51.93 -0.40 -0.50 16 40 H 0.08 0.02 7.40 -51.93 -0.38 -0.36 16 41 H 0.11 -0.35 7.90 -51.93 -0.41 -0.76 16 42 H 0.09 -0.08 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.50 16 43 H 0.09 -0.06 8.13 -51.93 -0.42 -0.48 16 44 H 0.16 -0.23 6.96 -52.48 -0.37 -0.59 16 45 H 0.16 0.26 7.81 -52.49 -0.41 -0.15 16 46 H 0.19 -0.73 4.66 -52.48 -0.24 -0.98 16 47 H 0.08 -0.08 7.96 -51.93 -0.41 -0.50 16 48 H 0.38 -1.33 8.74 45.56 0.40 -0.93 16 49 H 0.07 -0.19 7.69 -51.93 -0.40 -0.59 16 50 H 0.08 -0.18 7.59 -51.93 -0.39 -0.58 16 51 H 0.08 -0.28 7.99 -51.93 -0.41 -0.69 16 52 H 0.08 -0.29 7.99 -51.93 -0.41 -0.71 16 LS Contribution 443.66 15.07 6.69 6.69 Total: 0.00 -8.38 443.66 -10.36 -18.74 By element: Atomic # 1 Polarization: -3.44 SS G_CDS: -6.80 Total: -10.25 kcal Atomic # 6 Polarization: 6.07 SS G_CDS: -0.77 Total: 5.30 kcal Atomic # 8 Polarization: -5.10 SS G_CDS: -0.95 Total: -6.05 kcal Atomic # 14 Polarization: -5.89 SS G_CDS: -6.24 Total: -12.13 kcal Atomic # 35 Polarization: -0.02 SS G_CDS: -2.29 Total: -2.31 kcal Total LS contribution 6.69 Total: 6.69 kcal Total: -8.38 -10.36 -18.74 kcal The number of atoms in the molecule is 52 The average number of expansion shells was 16.00 The maximum number of expansion shells was 16 The minimum number of expansion shells was 16 **** NOTA BENE **** This is the net solvation energy for this exact molecular structure (nuclear and electronic)! The standard-state solvation energy should be obtained as the difference between the heat of formation plus delta-G solvation for the relaxed solvated system and that for the relaxed gas-phase system. s_1458_17543216_484008.mol2 52 1SCF run This is a breakdown of the solvation energy calculated without geometric relaxation in solution: (1) E-EN(sol) electronic-nuclear energy of solute -157.853 kcal (2) G-P(sol) polarization free energy of solvation -8.384 kcal (3) G-ENP(sol) elect.-nuc.-pol. free energy of system -166.236 kcal (4) G-CDS(sol) cavity-dispersion-solvent structure free energy -10.355 kcal (5) G-P-CDS(sol) = G-P(sol) + G-CDS(sol) = (2) + (4) -18.739 kcal (6) G-S(sol) free energy of system = (1) + (5) -176.592 kcal 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED Total computer time = 1.48 seconds