Wall clock time and date at job start Sat Mar 6 2021 11:52:06 AMSOL-version 7.1 by G. D. Hawkins, D. J. Giesen, G. C. Lynch, C. C. Chambers, I. Rossi, J. W. Storer, J. Li, J. D. Thompson, P. Winget, B. J. Lynch, D. Rinaldi, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar Copyright 2004 by Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Notice: recipients of this code are asked to comply with the user agreement in Section 1 of the documentation file. ******************************************************************************* * 1SCF - SCF CALCULATION WITHOUT GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION * - USE EF ROUTINE FOR MINIMUM SEARCH (DEFAULT) * GEO-OK - OVERRIDE INTERATOMIC DISTANCE CHECK * TLIMIT= - A TIME OF 15. SECONDS REQUESTED * CHARGE - CHARGE ON SYSTEM= 0 * AM1 - THE AM1 HAMILTONIAN TO BE USED * SM5.42R - SM5.42R CALCULATIONS WILL BE PERFORMED * - CHARGE MODEL 2 WILL BE USED (CM2A) * - THE SOLVENT IS WATER ******************************************************************************* Atom NO. Chemical Bond length Bond angle Dihedral angle number (k) symbol (angstroms) (degrees) (degrees) (I) NA:I NB:NA:I NC:NB:NA:I NA NB NC 1 1 C 2 2 N 1.46901 * 1 3 3 C 1.46906 * 110.99793 * 2 1 4 4 C 1.50696 * 109.47351 * 293.95574 * 3 2 1 5 5 O 1.21285 * 119.99962 * 359.97438 * 4 3 2 6 6 N 1.34775 * 120.00393 * 180.02562 * 4 3 2 7 7 C 1.46497 * 120.00052 * 180.02562 * 6 4 3 8 8 H 1.08994 * 112.85368 * 23.80473 * 7 6 4 9 9 C 1.53790 * 113.61321 * 155.00233 * 7 6 4 10 10 C 1.53775 * 87.08086 * 89.11176 * 9 7 6 11 11 H 1.08996 * 113.61999 * 270.87940 * 10 9 7 12 12 C 1.50707 * 113.61179 * 140.06207 * 10 9 7 13 13 C 1.38215 * 119.97200 * 299.72547 * 12 10 9 14 14 C 1.38321 * 120.01208 * 179.76276 * 13 12 10 15 15 Cl 1.73599 * 120.02597 * 180.25582 * 14 13 12 16 16 C 1.38550 * 119.94829 * 0.51123 * 14 13 12 17 17 F 1.35101 * 120.02789 * 179.76307 * 16 14 13 18 18 C 1.38441 * 119.93971 * 359.74316 * 16 14 13 19 19 C 1.38196 * 119.98925 * 0.02562 * 18 16 14 20 20 C 1.53780 * 87.08364 * 25.43301 * 10 9 7 21 21 C 1.39673 * 111.00219 * 123.95459 * 2 1 3 22 22 C 1.38890 * 120.07192 * 115.76903 * 21 2 1 23 23 C 1.50699 * 120.03969 * 0.02562 * 22 21 2 24 24 O 1.42895 * 109.46882 * 284.99754 * 23 22 21 25 25 Si 1.86300 * 109.46948 * 164.99833 * 23 22 21 26 26 C 1.38129 * 119.92191 * 179.78839 * 22 21 2 27 27 C 1.38262 * 120.07326 * 0.49339 * 26 22 21 28 28 C 1.50701 * 119.92475 * 179.72367 * 27 26 22 29 29 F 1.39903 * 109.47073 * 180.02562 * 28 27 26 30 30 F 1.39899 * 109.46925 * 300.01416 * 28 27 26 31 31 F 1.39892 * 109.47561 * 60.01626 * 28 27 26 32 32 C 1.38313 * 120.15150 * 359.73818 * 27 26 22 33 33 C 1.38077 * 120.07164 * 0.02562 * 32 27 26 34 34 H 1.09002 * 109.47401 * 59.99808 * 1 2 3 35 35 H 1.09001 * 109.46874 * 299.99821 * 1 2 3 36 36 H 1.09004 * 109.46970 * 179.97438 * 1 2 3 37 37 H 1.08997 * 109.46995 * 53.95554 * 3 2 1 38 38 H 1.09001 * 109.46848 * 173.95560 * 3 2 1 39 39 H 0.96996 * 119.99654 * 0.02562 * 6 4 3 40 40 H 1.08996 * 113.60920 * 203.66542 * 9 7 6 41 41 H 1.08998 * 113.61162 * 334.56091 * 9 7 6 42 42 H 1.08001 * 119.99008 * 0.02562 * 13 12 10 43 43 H 1.08005 * 120.00636 * 179.97438 * 18 16 14 44 44 H 1.08002 * 119.97520 * 179.97438 * 19 18 16 45 45 H 1.09000 * 113.61449 * 220.01651 * 20 10 9 46 46 H 1.09003 * 113.61883 * 89.11282 * 20 10 9 47 47 H 1.09001 * 109.47365 * 45.00015 * 23 22 21 48 48 H 0.96697 * 114.00408 * 300.00097 * 24 23 22 49 49 H 1.48507 * 109.99784 * 179.97438 * 25 23 22 50 50 H 1.48503 * 110.00100 * 301.31695 * 25 23 22 51 51 H 1.07999 * 119.96080 * 180.23130 * 26 22 21 52 52 H 1.08000 * 119.96216 * 180.02562 * 32 27 26 53 53 H 1.07997 * 120.03526 * 179.97438 * 33 32 27 Note: An asterisk (*) indicates this parameter was or will be optimized. Cartesian coordinates (angstroms) NO. Atom X Y Z 1 6 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2 7 1.4690 0.0000 0.0000 3 6 1.9954 1.3715 0.0000 4 6 1.6369 2.0472 -1.2984 5 8 1.0054 1.4454 -2.1410 6 7 2.0188 3.3200 -1.5237 7 6 1.6697 3.9770 -2.7857 8 1 0.7960 3.5356 -3.2652 9 6 1.6087 5.5104 -2.6856 10 6 3.1060 5.5143 -3.0360 11 1 3.7583 5.4458 -2.1655 12 6 3.5024 6.6213 -3.9786 13 6 2.9333 6.6943 -5.2361 14 6 3.2929 7.7128 -6.1002 15 17 2.5735 7.8088 -7.6771 16 6 4.2317 8.6533 -5.7081 17 9 4.5877 9.6460 -6.5525 18 6 4.8044 8.5752 -4.4501 19 6 4.4397 7.5593 -3.5870 20 6 2.8659 4.1651 -3.7336 21 6 1.9696 -0.7283 1.0816 22 6 2.7069 -1.8844 0.8606 23 6 2.9685 -2.3548 -0.5470 24 8 1.7783 -2.9350 -1.0842 25 14 4.3286 -3.6279 -0.5335 26 6 3.2042 -2.5999 1.9324 27 6 2.9601 -2.1719 3.2243 28 6 3.4990 -2.9585 4.3913 29 9 3.1251 -2.3348 5.5865 30 9 2.9773 -4.2562 4.3596 31 9 4.8945 -3.0148 4.3112 32 6 2.2222 -1.0236 3.4480 33 6 1.7263 -0.3011 2.3810 34 1 -0.3634 0.5139 -0.8900 35 1 -0.3633 0.5138 0.8900 36 1 -0.3633 -1.0277 -0.0005 37 1 1.5611 1.9274 0.8309 38 1 3.0797 1.3445 0.1082 39 1 2.5247 3.8009 -0.8502 40 1 0.9808 5.9729 -3.4470 41 1 1.3944 5.8741 -1.6806 42 1 2.2046 5.9585 -5.5424 43 1 5.5366 9.3075 -4.1435 44 1 4.8868 7.4983 -2.6058 45 1 3.6666 3.4428 -3.5749 46 1 2.5817 4.2598 -4.7817 47 1 3.2699 -1.5077 -1.1631 48 1 1.4517 -3.6961 -0.5851 49 1 4.5957 -4.1003 -1.9159 50 1 5.5629 -3.0463 0.0524 51 1 3.7807 -3.4969 1.7612 52 1 2.0337 -0.6919 4.4583 53 1 1.1498 0.5952 2.5563 There are 83 doubly filled levels RHF calculation, no. of doubly occupied orbitals= 83 No. of singly occupied orbitals= 1 REFERENCES FOR PARAMETERS IN GAS-PHASE HAMILTONIAN: H: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) C: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) N: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) O: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) F: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR AND E. G. ZOEBISCH, THEOCHEM, 180, 1 (1988). Si: (AM1): M.J.S.DEWAR, C. JIE, ORGANOMETALLICS, 6, 1486-1490 (1987). Cl: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR AND E. G. ZOEBISCH, THEOCHEM, 180, 1 (1988). REFERENCE FOR CHARGE MODEL 2: J. Li, J. Xing, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, J. Chem. Phys. 111 (1999) 885. REFERENCE FOR THE PARAMETERIZATION OF THE SM5.42R SOLVATION MODEL: J. Li, T. Zhu, G. D. Hawkins, P. Winget, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, Theor. Chem. Acc. 103 (1999) 9-63 P. Winget, J. D. Thompson C. J. Cramer,and D. G. Truhlar, J. Phys. Chem. B. submitted. CHARGE=0 AM1 1SCF TLIMIT=15 GEO-OK SM5.42R & SOLVNT=WATER s_22_10156534_6406254.mol2 53 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED SCF FIELD WAS ACHIEVED Wall clock time and date at job start Sat Mar 6 2021 11:52:06 Heat of formation + Delta-G solvation = -156.074369 kcal Electronic energy + Delta-G solvation = -44826.248427 eV Core-core repulsion = 38384.729079 eV Total energy + Delta-G solvation = -6441.519348 eV No. of doubly occupied orbitals = 83 and no. of open levels = 1 Molecular weight (most abundant/longest-lived isotopes) = 473.117 amu Computer time = 1.58 seconds Orbital eigenvalues (eV) -51.16681 -50.06749 -48.69454 -48.62664 -41.83993 -41.38713 -40.34740 -38.96926 -37.69474 -37.59481 -37.41224 -34.54493 -32.96248 -32.13843 -32.02848 -31.55982 -29.33091 -27.57598 -26.96415 -26.70682 -26.12787 -25.02310 -24.27435 -23.38346 -22.75681 -22.13255 -21.54616 -20.24119 -19.58742 -19.48555 -19.38138 -19.00537 -18.52121 -17.82382 -17.70655 -17.49494 -17.26750 -16.97876 -16.87895 -16.73110 -16.40157 -16.25863 -15.91655 -15.82556 -15.55143 -15.52980 -15.38145 -15.21806 -15.08041 -15.06644 -14.86272 -14.83701 -14.78586 -14.65690 -14.60007 -14.39573 -14.25369 -14.16699 -14.06291 -13.87555 -13.67133 -13.54969 -13.46903 -13.22992 -12.90456 -12.78032 -12.62931 -12.58337 -12.46178 -12.26698 -12.19668 -11.95200 -11.94508 -11.62157 -11.26311 -10.89718 -10.38221 -10.19081 -10.10949 -10.07223 -10.02254 -9.60997 -9.52529 -5.06067 -0.31367 -0.14779 -0.00732 0.04629 0.91171 1.26935 1.58192 1.60339 1.62844 1.93135 1.94454 2.21410 2.30848 2.66481 2.78781 2.97278 3.01200 3.39401 3.40849 3.51314 3.56366 3.63111 3.65152 3.69466 3.73243 3.76408 3.91341 4.02377 4.06808 4.07987 4.08101 4.13011 4.23650 4.24539 4.30390 4.44134 4.44804 4.51426 4.55835 4.65333 4.67503 4.75421 4.82922 4.83654 4.86322 4.90950 4.95795 5.00927 5.03216 5.03692 5.07963 5.17499 5.22174 5.39329 5.43693 5.61123 5.65839 5.69209 6.19147 6.56983 6.85650 7.29161 Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions calculated with CM2 Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C 0.034 3.966 2 N -0.502 5.502 3 C 0.037 3.963 4 C 0.514 3.486 5 O -0.560 6.560 6 N -0.700 5.700 7 C 0.118 3.882 8 H 0.081 0.919 9 C -0.125 4.125 10 C -0.060 4.060 11 H 0.129 0.871 12 C -0.065 4.065 13 C -0.085 4.085 14 C -0.087 4.087 15 Cl -0.065 7.065 16 C 0.077 3.923 17 F -0.143 7.143 18 C -0.139 4.139 19 C -0.074 4.074 20 C -0.148 4.148 21 C 0.141 3.859 22 C -0.104 4.104 23 C -0.045 4.045 24 O -0.543 6.543 25 Si 0.746 3.254 26 C -0.060 4.060 27 C -0.186 4.186 28 C 0.509 3.491 29 F -0.178 7.178 30 F -0.177 7.177 31 F -0.182 7.182 32 C -0.053 4.053 33 C -0.143 4.143 34 H 0.073 0.927 35 H 0.045 0.955 36 H 0.066 0.934 37 H 0.101 0.899 38 H 0.121 0.879 39 H 0.418 0.582 40 H 0.096 0.904 41 H 0.096 0.904 42 H 0.150 0.850 43 H 0.162 0.838 44 H 0.172 0.828 45 H 0.069 0.931 46 H 0.090 0.910 47 H 0.102 0.898 48 H 0.389 0.611 49 H -0.298 1.298 50 H -0.280 1.280 51 H 0.153 0.847 52 H 0.157 0.843 53 H 0.157 0.843 For the charges calculated by CM2: Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges 0.238 2.044 8.678 8.919 Note: The Mulliken population analysis charges presented below were not used in the solvation calculation but are provided for completeness. The chosen solvation model uses CM2 partial charges for calculating solvation energies. Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions using Mulliken population analysis Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C -0.111 4.111 2 N -0.223 5.223 3 C -0.092 4.092 4 C 0.301 3.699 5 O -0.437 6.437 6 N -0.354 5.354 7 C 0.012 3.988 8 H 0.100 0.900 9 C -0.163 4.163 10 C -0.078 4.078 11 H 0.147 0.853 12 C -0.066 4.066 13 C -0.104 4.104 14 C -0.114 4.114 15 Cl -0.036 7.036 16 C 0.057 3.943 17 F -0.122 7.122 18 C -0.158 4.158 19 C -0.091 4.091 20 C -0.186 4.186 21 C 0.047 3.953 22 C -0.105 4.105 23 C -0.155 4.155 24 O -0.350 6.350 25 Si 0.652 3.348 26 C -0.078 4.078 27 C -0.188 4.188 28 C 0.455 3.545 29 F -0.160 7.160 30 F -0.159 7.159 31 F -0.163 7.163 32 C -0.072 4.072 33 C -0.163 4.163 34 H 0.092 0.908 35 H 0.064 0.936 36 H 0.085 0.915 37 H 0.119 0.881 38 H 0.139 0.861 39 H 0.255 0.745 40 H 0.114 0.886 41 H 0.114 0.886 42 H 0.168 0.832 43 H 0.180 0.820 44 H 0.190 0.810 45 H 0.088 0.912 46 H 0.108 0.892 47 H 0.120 0.880 48 H 0.238 0.762 49 H -0.226 1.226 50 H -0.206 1.206 51 H 0.170 0.830 52 H 0.174 0.826 53 H 0.174 0.826 Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges 0.750 1.683 6.764 7.010 hybrid contribution -0.024 1.260 0.056 1.262 sum 0.726 2.943 6.820 7.463 Atomic orbital electron populations 1.22468 0.84142 1.02868 1.01671 1.59088 1.09851 1.12741 1.40639 1.22173 1.03364 0.88449 0.95213 1.20793 0.78504 0.81691 0.88901 1.90734 1.40589 1.64684 1.47727 1.45501 1.57522 1.13053 1.19299 1.21757 0.97956 0.93776 0.85264 0.90048 1.23381 0.95223 0.93413 1.04252 1.21657 0.97638 0.90950 0.97562 0.85327 1.19921 0.96007 0.97058 0.93595 1.21007 1.00285 0.96240 0.92848 1.21195 1.00530 0.99860 0.89857 1.98401 1.82310 1.98052 1.24839 1.17847 0.98323 0.87793 0.90319 1.91514 1.90725 1.59339 1.70602 1.21466 1.01666 1.01597 0.91087 1.21426 0.95282 0.91772 1.00661 1.23581 0.98671 0.96769 0.99617 1.18872 0.94346 0.93132 0.88998 1.20238 0.99006 0.95550 0.95705 1.24833 0.96239 1.02936 0.91537 1.86588 1.42691 1.50455 1.55277 0.94453 0.76099 0.83505 0.80745 1.20772 0.97421 0.99196 0.90406 1.19943 1.06683 0.99759 0.92374 1.18354 0.75538 0.77941 0.82708 1.93176 1.91188 1.82313 1.49290 1.93235 1.86467 1.39561 1.96595 1.93228 1.30349 1.96368 1.96351 1.21142 0.93010 0.91684 1.01320 1.21896 1.01054 1.01791 0.91553 0.90842 0.93624 0.91480 0.88148 0.86130 0.74477 0.88601 0.88585 0.83200 0.82046 0.81029 0.91185 0.89202 0.88014 0.76217 1.22609 1.20628 0.83039 0.82574 0.82566 Number of geometries 1 Number of calculations of the screened coulomb radii 1 The total number of SCF iterations 14. Note: The number of geometries may not correspond to the number of cycles due to rejected geometry changes. In the following table subtotal= G_P + SS G_CDS. Atom Chem. CM2 G_P Area Sigma k SS G_CDS Subtotal M number symbol chg. (kcal) (Ang**2) cal/(Ang**2) (kcal) (kcal) value 1 C 0.03 0.00 8.94 127.69 1.14 1.14 16 2 N -0.50 0.50 3.71 -724.42 -2.69 -2.19 16 3 C 0.04 -0.23 5.03 85.55 0.43 0.20 16 4 C 0.51 -0.63 7.55 87.66 0.66 0.03 16 5 O -0.56 -5.13 13.91 -3.04 -0.04 -5.17 16 6 N -0.70 5.29 5.26 -440.04 -2.32 2.98 16 7 C 0.12 -0.64 4.32 45.52 0.20 -0.44 16 8 H 0.08 0.04 7.46 -2.39 -0.02 0.02 16 9 C -0.12 1.20 7.29 31.12 0.23 1.43 16 10 C -0.06 0.60 3.85 -11.01 -0.04 0.55 16 11 H 0.13 -1.86 8.09 -2.39 -0.02 -1.88 16 12 C -0.07 0.39 5.29 -19.86 -0.11 0.28 16 13 C -0.09 0.16 8.41 22.28 0.19 0.34 16 14 C -0.09 -0.26 6.33 22.36 0.14 -0.12 16 15 Cl -0.06 -0.36 28.62 -2.72 -0.08 -0.44 16 16 C 0.08 0.26 7.28 22.39 0.16 0.42 16 17 F -0.14 -1.07 16.84 44.97 0.76 -0.32 16 18 C -0.14 0.39 10.03 22.31 0.22 0.61 16 19 C -0.07 0.52 9.71 22.27 0.22 0.74 16 20 C -0.15 0.84 7.25 31.12 0.23 1.07 16 21 C 0.14 -0.41 4.65 38.21 0.18 -0.23 16 22 C -0.10 0.20 5.28 -19.73 -0.10 0.10 16 23 C -0.04 -0.01 2.34 71.24 0.17 0.15 16 24 O -0.54 -1.03 12.88 -148.98 -1.92 -2.95 16 25 Si 0.75 -0.76 29.92 68.60 2.05 1.29 16 26 C -0.06 0.20 8.20 22.25 0.18 0.38 16 27 C -0.19 0.55 5.37 -19.84 -0.11 0.44 16 28 C 0.51 -0.31 3.31 71.24 0.24 -0.07 16 29 F -0.18 -0.01 15.97 44.97 0.72 0.71 16 30 F -0.18 -0.12 17.23 44.97 0.78 0.66 16 31 F -0.18 -0.27 17.24 44.97 0.78 0.50 16 32 C -0.05 0.30 9.42 22.25 0.21 0.51 16 33 C -0.14 0.95 8.70 22.40 0.19 1.15 16 34 H 0.07 0.36 5.88 -2.39 -0.01 0.35 16 35 H 0.05 -0.21 7.48 -2.39 -0.02 -0.23 16 36 H 0.07 0.11 8.13 -2.38 -0.02 0.09 16 37 H 0.10 -1.21 7.47 -2.39 -0.02 -1.23 16 38 H 0.12 -1.10 8.06 -2.39 -0.02 -1.11 16 39 H 0.42 -6.06 8.70 -92.71 -0.81 -6.87 16 40 H 0.10 -0.79 7.73 -2.39 -0.02 -0.81 16 41 H 0.10 -1.17 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -1.19 16 42 H 0.15 -0.56 6.65 -2.91 -0.02 -0.58 16 43 H 0.16 -1.05 8.06 -2.91 -0.02 -1.07 16 44 H 0.17 -2.33 8.05 -2.91 -0.02 -2.36 16 45 H 0.07 -0.26 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.28 16 46 H 0.09 -0.40 6.30 -2.39 -0.02 -0.41 16 47 H 0.10 0.41 7.78 -2.39 -0.02 0.39 16 48 H 0.39 -2.57 8.70 -74.06 -0.64 -3.21 16 49 H -0.30 -2.14 7.11 99.48 0.71 -1.44 16 50 H -0.28 -0.90 7.11 99.48 0.71 -0.19 16 51 H 0.15 -0.96 5.12 -2.91 -0.01 -0.97 16 52 H 0.16 -1.34 7.15 -2.91 -0.02 -1.36 16 53 H 0.16 -1.74 7.16 -2.91 -0.02 -1.76 16 Total: 0.00 -24.61 464.61 2.28 -22.33 By element: Atomic # 1 Polarization: -25.73 SS G_CDS: -0.38 Total: -26.11 kcal Atomic # 6 Polarization: 4.07 SS G_CDS: 4.62 Total: 8.69 kcal Atomic # 7 Polarization: 5.80 SS G_CDS: -5.01 Total: 0.79 kcal Atomic # 8 Polarization: -6.16 SS G_CDS: -1.96 Total: -8.12 kcal Atomic # 9 Polarization: -1.47 SS G_CDS: 3.03 Total: 1.55 kcal Atomic # 14 Polarization: -0.76 SS G_CDS: 2.05 Total: 1.29 kcal Atomic # 17 Polarization: -0.36 SS G_CDS: -0.08 Total: -0.44 kcal Total: -24.61 2.28 -22.33 kcal The number of atoms in the molecule is 53 The average number of expansion shells was 16.00 The maximum number of expansion shells was 16 The minimum number of expansion shells was 16 **** NOTA BENE **** This is the net solvation energy for this exact molecular structure (nuclear and electronic)! The standard-state solvation energy should be obtained as the difference between the heat of formation plus delta-G solvation for the relaxed solvated system and that for the relaxed gas-phase system. s_22_10156534_6406254.mol2 53 1SCF run This is a breakdown of the solvation energy calculated without geometric relaxation in solution: (1) E-EN(sol) electronic-nuclear energy of solute -133.741 kcal (2) G-P(sol) polarization free energy of solvation -24.613 kcal (3) G-ENP(sol) elect.-nuc.-pol. free energy of system -158.355 kcal (4) G-CDS(sol) cavity-dispersion-solvent structure free energy 2.280 kcal (5) G-P-CDS(sol) = G-P(sol) + G-CDS(sol) = (2) + (4) -22.333 kcal (6) G-S(sol) free energy of system = (1) + (5) -156.074 kcal 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED Total computer time = 1.59 seconds