Wall clock time and date at job start Sat Mar 6 2021 19:58:07 AMSOL-version 7.1 by G. D. Hawkins, D. J. Giesen, G. C. Lynch, C. C. Chambers, I. Rossi, J. W. Storer, J. Li, J. D. Thompson, P. Winget, B. J. Lynch, D. Rinaldi, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar Copyright 2004 by Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Notice: recipients of this code are asked to comply with the user agreement in Section 1 of the documentation file. ******************************************************************************* * 1SCF - SCF CALCULATION WITHOUT GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION * - USE EF ROUTINE FOR MINIMUM SEARCH (DEFAULT) * GEO-OK - OVERRIDE INTERATOMIC DISTANCE CHECK * TLIMIT= - A TIME OF 15. SECONDS REQUESTED * CHARGE - CHARGE ON SYSTEM= 0 * AM1 - THE AM1 HAMILTONIAN TO BE USED * SM5.42R - SM5.42R CALCULATIONS WILL BE PERFORMED * - CHARGE MODEL 2 WILL BE USED (CM2A) * - THE SOLVENT IS WATER ******************************************************************************* Atom NO. Chemical Bond length Bond angle Dihedral angle number (k) symbol (angstroms) (degrees) (degrees) (I) NA:I NB:NA:I NC:NB:NA:I NA NB NC 1 1 C 2 2 N 1.46901 * 1 3 3 C 1.46898 * 111.00443 * 2 1 4 4 C 1.39043 * 110.99815 * 236.04799 * 2 1 3 5 5 C 1.39206 * 119.92937 * 239.73104 * 4 2 1 6 6 C 1.50693 * 119.96798 * 359.97310 * 5 4 2 7 7 O 1.42906 * 109.46958 * 75.00154 * 6 5 4 8 8 Si 1.86295 * 109.47443 * 195.00119 * 6 5 4 9 9 C 1.37634 * 120.06756 * 179.72322 * 5 4 2 10 10 C 1.39785 * 119.92582 * 0.54888 * 9 5 4 11 11 C 1.47520 * 120.06381 * 179.70489 * 10 9 5 12 12 O 1.21594 * 120.00407 * 0.02562 * 11 10 9 13 13 N 1.34774 * 119.99765 * 180.02562 * 11 10 9 14 14 C 1.46499 * 120.00180 * 179.97438 * 13 11 10 15 15 H 1.09006 * 109.46975 * 325.00819 * 14 13 11 16 16 C 1.53005 * 109.46903 * 85.00137 * 14 13 11 17 17 C 1.53002 * 109.47092 * 180.02562 * 16 14 13 18 18 C 1.53000 * 109.46943 * 300.00006 * 17 16 14 19 19 H 1.09000 * 109.46866 * 300.00103 * 18 17 16 20 20 C 1.50694 * 109.46898 * 180.02562 * 18 17 16 21 21 N 1.30644 * 119.25205 * 264.99449 * 20 18 17 22 22 C 1.33527 * 121.50425 * 179.97438 * 21 20 18 23 23 C 1.36199 * 119.90854 * 0.02562 * 22 21 20 24 24 C 1.41023 * 118.59481 * 0.02562 * 23 22 21 25 25 O 1.21982 * 120.70741 * 180.02562 * 24 23 22 26 26 N 1.34746 * 119.25669 * 84.73124 * 20 18 17 27 27 C 1.52996 * 109.47103 * 60.00165 * 18 17 16 28 28 C 1.52994 * 109.47580 * 205.00076 * 14 13 11 29 29 C 1.39809 * 119.86329 * 359.71902 * 10 9 5 30 30 C 1.37582 * 119.93561 * 0.02562 * 29 10 9 31 31 H 1.09002 * 109.47401 * 183.95136 * 1 2 3 32 32 H 1.09001 * 109.46874 * 63.95149 * 1 2 3 33 33 H 1.09004 * 109.46970 * 303.95282 * 1 2 3 34 34 H 1.09006 * 109.46770 * 56.04400 * 3 2 1 35 35 H 1.09001 * 109.47456 * 176.04615 * 3 2 1 36 36 H 1.09000 * 109.46814 * 296.04921 * 3 2 1 37 37 H 1.09001 * 109.47417 * 315.00615 * 6 5 4 38 38 H 0.96698 * 113.99968 * 60.00207 * 7 6 5 39 39 H 1.48507 * 109.99776 * 58.68457 * 8 6 5 40 40 H 1.48502 * 110.00176 * 180.02562 * 8 6 5 41 41 H 1.08000 * 120.03634 * 180.27094 * 9 5 4 42 42 H 0.97001 * 120.00096 * 0.02562 * 13 11 10 43 43 H 1.09003 * 109.46776 * 300.00131 * 16 14 13 44 44 H 1.09000 * 109.47176 * 60.00024 * 16 14 13 45 45 H 1.09002 * 109.46765 * 180.02562 * 17 16 14 46 46 H 1.09000 * 109.47424 * 59.99768 * 17 16 14 47 47 H 1.08000 * 120.04220 * 179.97438 * 22 21 20 48 48 H 1.08003 * 120.70192 * 179.97438 * 23 22 21 49 49 H 0.97001 * 120.03767 * 359.97438 * 26 20 18 50 50 H 1.09009 * 109.47039 * 180.02562 * 27 18 17 51 51 H 1.09000 * 109.47311 * 60.00210 * 27 18 17 52 52 H 1.09000 * 109.47280 * 300.00664 * 28 14 13 53 53 H 1.09002 * 109.46898 * 60.00524 * 28 14 13 54 54 H 1.08003 * 120.03222 * 180.02562 * 29 10 9 55 55 H 1.08001 * 119.96959 * 179.97438 * 30 29 10 Note: An asterisk (*) indicates this parameter was or will be optimized. Cartesian coordinates (angstroms) NO. Atom X Y Z 1 6 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2 7 1.4690 0.0000 0.0000 3 6 1.9956 1.3714 0.0000 4 6 1.9673 -0.7250 -1.0768 5 6 2.7839 -1.8297 -0.8520 6 6 3.1270 -2.2377 0.5575 7 8 1.9957 -2.8708 1.1589 8 14 4.5611 -3.4265 0.5282 9 6 3.2740 -2.5528 -1.9156 10 6 2.9603 -2.1699 -3.2228 11 6 3.4893 -2.9389 -4.3652 12 8 4.1985 -3.9071 -4.1703 13 7 3.1864 -2.5682 -5.6251 14 6 3.7121 -3.3314 -6.7597 15 1 4.7119 -3.6946 -6.5212 16 6 2.7922 -4.5203 -7.0447 17 6 3.3416 -5.3179 -8.2292 18 6 3.4077 -4.4167 -9.4639 19 1 2.4081 -4.0536 -9.7026 20 6 3.9482 -5.2024 -10.6307 21 7 5.2251 -5.1465 -10.9013 22 6 5.7520 -5.8246 -11.9238 23 6 4.9520 -6.5958 -12.7114 24 6 3.5735 -6.6554 -12.4201 25 8 2.8220 -7.3343 -13.1000 26 7 3.1046 -5.9509 -11.3680 27 6 4.3276 -3.2279 -9.1789 28 6 3.7778 -2.4301 -7.9942 29 6 2.1444 -1.0565 -3.4454 30 6 1.6533 -0.3409 -2.3778 31 1 -0.3634 -1.0252 0.0708 32 1 -0.3633 0.4513 -0.9233 33 1 -0.3633 0.5740 0.8525 34 1 1.5899 1.9163 0.8525 35 1 3.0829 1.3431 0.0709 36 1 1.7045 1.8723 -0.9233 37 1 3.3990 -1.3545 1.1355 38 1 1.6978 -3.6659 0.6962 39 1 5.7344 -2.7910 -0.1235 40 1 4.9089 -3.8370 1.9124 41 1 3.9039 -3.4124 -1.7405 42 1 2.6209 -1.7956 -5.7807 43 1 2.7454 -5.1625 -6.1651 44 1 1.7925 -4.1572 -7.2830 45 1 2.6859 -6.1646 -8.4324 46 1 4.3412 -5.6810 -7.9905 47 1 6.8109 -5.7610 -12.1265 48 1 5.3646 -7.1494 -13.5420 49 1 2.1608 -5.9804 -11.1456 50 1 4.3744 -2.5856 -10.0585 51 1 5.3273 -3.5910 -8.9402 52 1 2.7781 -2.0669 -8.2326 53 1 4.4333 -1.5832 -7.7912 54 1 1.9000 -0.7585 -4.4543 55 1 1.0233 0.5194 -2.5491 There are 74 doubly filled levels RHF calculation, no. of doubly occupied orbitals= 74 No. of singly occupied orbitals= 1 REFERENCES FOR PARAMETERS IN GAS-PHASE HAMILTONIAN: H: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) C: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) N: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) O: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) Si: (AM1): M.J.S.DEWAR, C. JIE, ORGANOMETALLICS, 6, 1486-1490 (1987). REFERENCE FOR CHARGE MODEL 2: J. Li, J. Xing, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, J. Chem. Phys. 111 (1999) 885. REFERENCE FOR THE PARAMETERIZATION OF THE SM5.42R SOLVATION MODEL: J. Li, T. Zhu, G. D. Hawkins, P. Winget, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, Theor. Chem. Acc. 103 (1999) 9-63 P. Winget, J. D. Thompson C. J. Cramer,and D. G. Truhlar, J. Phys. Chem. B. submitted. CHARGE=0 AM1 1SCF TLIMIT=15 GEO-OK SM5.42R & SOLVNT=WATER s_22_13456076_13422196.mol2 55 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED SCF FIELD WAS ACHIEVED Wall clock time and date at job start Sat Mar 6 2021 19:58:07 Heat of formation + Delta-G solvation = -24.928355 kcal Electronic energy + Delta-G solvation = -37243.125007 eV Core-core repulsion = 32439.836639 eV Total energy + Delta-G solvation = -4803.288368 eV No. of doubly occupied orbitals = 74 and no. of open levels = 1 Molecular weight (most abundant/longest-lived isotopes) = 399.199 amu Computer time = 1.48 seconds Orbital eigenvalues (eV) -42.88099 -41.70350 -40.70444 -39.55737 -38.48398 -37.79623 -37.15258 -35.86670 -35.17001 -33.04847 -32.35948 -31.76107 -31.32162 -29.92255 -28.53510 -26.88291 -26.47205 -25.63360 -25.14616 -23.71066 -23.35519 -22.85347 -22.33438 -21.25112 -20.74079 -19.75857 -19.23224 -18.94272 -17.84783 -17.79773 -17.60188 -17.43640 -17.04972 -16.58286 -16.26764 -16.21857 -15.94402 -15.89865 -15.61440 -15.52064 -15.43130 -15.14159 -15.07547 -14.84048 -14.71092 -14.41321 -14.21476 -14.04925 -14.01642 -13.89036 -13.53322 -13.37873 -13.14005 -13.07415 -12.94409 -12.64583 -12.52516 -12.46762 -12.31644 -12.24072 -12.08204 -12.04440 -11.99020 -11.56774 -11.37222 -11.28670 -11.07701 -10.96065 -10.38611 -10.12685 -10.06448 -9.72592 -9.65481 -9.47721 -5.02907 -0.43950 -0.33544 0.19362 0.69355 1.28039 1.56875 1.57662 1.73599 1.90030 2.10398 2.51742 2.69175 2.80096 2.81864 3.42978 3.52905 3.58071 3.65948 3.70379 3.72518 3.75418 3.85828 4.00812 4.07496 4.17825 4.19730 4.21391 4.27527 4.32214 4.37116 4.39647 4.43599 4.47278 4.51562 4.52072 4.56527 4.60231 4.67970 4.69400 4.81385 4.87114 4.90113 4.94004 5.01208 5.04071 5.08430 5.12110 5.16715 5.21619 5.26718 5.29809 5.35985 5.36722 5.45033 5.49497 5.57467 5.62555 5.86574 6.31733 6.54081 6.68191 6.72570 6.83147 7.21521 Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions calculated with CM2 Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C 0.033 3.967 2 N -0.525 5.525 3 C 0.025 3.975 4 C 0.135 3.865 5 C -0.118 4.118 6 C -0.037 4.037 7 O -0.542 6.542 8 Si 0.735 3.265 9 C -0.059 4.059 10 C -0.148 4.148 11 C 0.559 3.441 12 O -0.573 6.573 13 N -0.707 5.707 14 C 0.142 3.858 15 H 0.068 0.932 16 C -0.120 4.120 17 C -0.104 4.104 18 C -0.040 4.040 19 H 0.133 0.867 20 C 0.409 3.591 21 N -0.545 5.545 22 C 0.173 3.827 23 C -0.319 4.319 24 C 0.509 3.491 25 O -0.593 6.593 26 N -0.615 5.615 27 C -0.093 4.093 28 C -0.118 4.118 29 C -0.055 4.055 30 C -0.158 4.158 31 H 0.066 0.934 32 H 0.043 0.957 33 H 0.078 0.922 34 H 0.082 0.918 35 H 0.062 0.938 36 H 0.044 0.956 37 H 0.106 0.894 38 H 0.389 0.611 39 H -0.295 1.295 40 H -0.291 1.291 41 H 0.139 0.861 42 H 0.415 0.585 43 H 0.054 0.946 44 H 0.091 0.909 45 H 0.077 0.923 46 H 0.062 0.938 47 H 0.197 0.803 48 H 0.158 0.842 49 H 0.429 0.571 50 H 0.081 0.919 51 H 0.073 0.927 52 H 0.096 0.904 53 H 0.080 0.920 54 H 0.163 0.837 55 H 0.147 0.853 For the charges calculated by CM2: Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -4.017 7.540 -0.721 8.573 Note: The Mulliken population analysis charges presented below were not used in the solvation calculation but are provided for completeness. The chosen solvation model uses CM2 partial charges for calculating solvation energies. Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions using Mulliken population analysis Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C -0.113 4.113 2 N -0.246 5.246 3 C -0.121 4.121 4 C 0.041 3.959 5 C -0.119 4.119 6 C -0.149 4.149 7 O -0.349 6.349 8 Si 0.643 3.357 9 C -0.078 4.078 10 C -0.151 4.151 11 C 0.347 3.653 12 O -0.454 6.454 13 N -0.359 5.359 14 C 0.038 3.962 15 H 0.086 0.914 16 C -0.159 4.159 17 C -0.143 4.143 18 C -0.060 4.060 19 H 0.151 0.849 20 C 0.145 3.855 21 N -0.268 5.268 22 C 0.033 3.967 23 C -0.344 4.344 24 C 0.310 3.690 25 O -0.476 6.476 26 N -0.252 5.252 27 C -0.131 4.131 28 C -0.156 4.156 29 C -0.074 4.074 30 C -0.178 4.178 31 H 0.085 0.915 32 H 0.061 0.939 33 H 0.097 0.903 34 H 0.101 0.899 35 H 0.081 0.919 36 H 0.063 0.937 37 H 0.123 0.877 38 H 0.238 0.762 39 H -0.222 1.222 40 H -0.218 1.218 41 H 0.157 0.843 42 H 0.253 0.747 43 H 0.073 0.927 44 H 0.110 0.890 45 H 0.096 0.904 46 H 0.081 0.919 47 H 0.214 0.786 48 H 0.176 0.824 49 H 0.269 0.731 50 H 0.099 0.901 51 H 0.092 0.908 52 H 0.115 0.885 53 H 0.098 0.902 54 H 0.180 0.820 55 H 0.165 0.835 Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -2.166 6.953 0.376 7.293 hybrid contribution -1.135 0.349 -1.074 1.601 sum -3.302 7.303 -0.698 8.045 Atomic orbital electron populations 1.22432 0.84307 1.02868 1.01665 1.59357 1.09750 1.14636 1.40859 1.22516 1.00640 0.86810 1.02115 1.18984 0.94193 0.93156 0.89613 1.20237 0.99563 0.96377 0.95754 1.24678 0.97246 1.01742 0.91188 1.86522 1.48148 1.45510 1.54671 0.94248 0.76089 0.85905 0.79507 1.21078 0.97078 0.98281 0.91325 1.19902 1.03200 0.98971 0.92997 1.18326 0.79664 0.83498 0.83825 1.90801 1.39290 1.29346 1.85918 1.45851 1.52533 1.33014 1.04487 1.21089 0.97658 0.92092 0.85399 0.91421 1.21830 1.00146 0.96506 0.97380 1.21501 1.02507 0.97705 0.92616 1.20688 1.02010 0.94845 0.88446 0.84944 1.23753 0.86198 0.85497 0.90037 1.68396 1.09519 1.27339 1.21548 1.23171 1.02060 0.85526 0.85894 1.22998 0.92184 1.10706 1.08491 1.17651 0.90926 0.80134 0.80309 1.90989 1.61175 1.44006 1.51462 1.44624 1.14998 1.39260 1.26329 1.21332 0.98914 0.94468 0.98402 1.21804 1.03896 0.97774 0.92127 1.21451 0.93318 0.91992 1.00644 1.21845 1.02016 1.01634 0.92280 0.91469 0.93887 0.90341 0.89939 0.91897 0.93744 0.87695 0.76246 1.22188 1.21835 0.84347 0.74686 0.92709 0.89041 0.90421 0.91889 0.78605 0.82447 0.73053 0.90082 0.90820 0.88536 0.90152 0.81955 0.83485 Number of geometries 1 Number of calculations of the screened coulomb radii 1 The total number of SCF iterations 15. Note: The number of geometries may not correspond to the number of cycles due to rejected geometry changes. In the following table subtotal= G_P + SS G_CDS. Atom Chem. CM2 G_P Area Sigma k SS G_CDS Subtotal M number symbol chg. (kcal) (Ang**2) cal/(Ang**2) (kcal) (kcal) value 1 C 0.03 -0.10 9.34 127.69 1.19 1.09 16 2 N -0.52 0.18 4.20 -745.08 -3.13 -2.95 16 3 C 0.03 -0.08 9.38 127.69 1.20 1.12 16 4 C 0.14 -0.07 4.70 38.47 0.18 0.11 16 5 C -0.12 -0.12 5.27 -19.78 -0.10 -0.23 16 6 C -0.04 -0.08 2.33 71.23 0.17 0.09 16 7 O -0.54 -1.08 12.88 -148.98 -1.92 -3.00 16 8 Si 0.74 1.95 29.92 68.60 2.05 4.00 16 9 C -0.06 -0.07 8.19 22.50 0.18 0.12 16 10 C -0.15 0.19 5.88 -20.08 -0.12 0.07 16 11 C 0.56 0.39 7.73 86.69 0.67 1.06 16 12 O -0.57 -5.23 16.00 -4.01 -0.06 -5.30 16 13 N -0.71 4.93 5.03 -445.71 -2.24 2.69 16 14 C 0.14 -0.99 2.45 44.99 0.11 -0.88 16 15 H 0.07 -0.05 7.58 -2.38 -0.02 -0.07 16 16 C -0.12 0.94 5.49 30.60 0.17 1.11 16 17 C -0.10 0.87 5.19 30.59 0.16 1.03 16 18 C -0.04 0.42 2.48 -11.54 -0.03 0.39 16 19 H 0.13 -2.14 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -2.16 16 20 C 0.41 -1.88 6.73 138.18 0.93 -0.95 16 21 N -0.54 0.99 9.12 -187.56 -1.71 -0.72 16 22 C 0.17 -0.31 11.20 83.96 0.94 0.63 16 23 C -0.32 -0.89 10.07 22.48 0.23 -0.66 16 24 C 0.51 3.47 7.75 84.89 0.66 4.13 16 25 O -0.59 -9.67 17.97 -5.26 -0.09 -9.76 16 26 N -0.61 1.23 5.25 -310.69 -1.63 -0.40 16 27 C -0.09 0.93 4.67 30.61 0.14 1.07 16 28 C -0.12 1.44 5.39 30.61 0.17 1.60 16 29 C -0.05 0.37 9.53 22.49 0.21 0.59 16 30 C -0.16 0.79 8.53 22.36 0.19 0.98 16 31 H 0.07 -0.09 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.11 16 32 H 0.04 -0.25 7.10 -2.39 -0.02 -0.26 16 33 H 0.08 -0.29 8.12 -2.38 -0.02 -0.31 16 34 H 0.08 -0.34 8.12 -2.38 -0.02 -0.36 16 35 H 0.06 -0.10 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.12 16 36 H 0.04 -0.24 7.31 -2.39 -0.02 -0.26 16 37 H 0.11 0.49 7.78 -2.39 -0.02 0.47 16 38 H 0.39 -2.21 8.70 -74.06 -0.64 -2.85 16 39 H -0.29 -2.61 7.11 99.48 0.71 -1.90 16 40 H -0.29 -2.64 7.11 99.48 0.71 -1.94 16 41 H 0.14 0.21 4.70 -2.91 -0.01 0.20 16 42 H 0.41 -5.62 6.62 -92.71 -0.61 -6.23 16 43 H 0.05 -0.12 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.14 16 44 H 0.09 -1.09 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -1.11 16 45 H 0.08 -0.71 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.73 16 46 H 0.06 -0.27 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.29 16 47 H 0.20 -1.56 8.06 -2.91 -0.02 -1.58 16 48 H 0.16 0.27 8.06 -2.91 -0.02 0.25 16 49 H 0.43 -2.93 8.78 -92.71 -0.81 -3.74 16 50 H 0.08 -0.83 8.14 -2.38 -0.02 -0.85 16 51 H 0.07 -0.45 7.76 -2.39 -0.02 -0.46 16 52 H 0.10 -1.59 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -1.61 16 53 H 0.08 -0.93 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.95 16 54 H 0.16 -2.34 6.39 -2.91 -0.02 -2.36 16 55 H 0.15 -1.27 6.99 -2.91 -0.02 -1.29 16 Total: 0.00 -31.16 440.35 -2.57 -33.73 By element: Atomic # 1 Polarization: -29.68 SS G_CDS: -1.08 Total: -30.76 kcal Atomic # 6 Polarization: 5.22 SS G_CDS: 7.24 Total: 12.47 kcal Atomic # 7 Polarization: 7.33 SS G_CDS: -8.71 Total: -1.39 kcal Atomic # 8 Polarization: -15.98 SS G_CDS: -2.08 Total: -18.06 kcal Atomic # 14 Polarization: 1.95 SS G_CDS: 2.05 Total: 4.00 kcal Total: -31.16 -2.57 -33.73 kcal The number of atoms in the molecule is 55 The average number of expansion shells was 16.00 The maximum number of expansion shells was 16 The minimum number of expansion shells was 16 **** NOTA BENE **** This is the net solvation energy for this exact molecular structure (nuclear and electronic)! The standard-state solvation energy should be obtained as the difference between the heat of formation plus delta-G solvation for the relaxed solvated system and that for the relaxed gas-phase system. s_22_13456076_13422196.mol2 55 1SCF run This is a breakdown of the solvation energy calculated without geometric relaxation in solution: (1) E-EN(sol) electronic-nuclear energy of solute 8.807 kcal (2) G-P(sol) polarization free energy of solvation -31.163 kcal (3) G-ENP(sol) elect.-nuc.-pol. free energy of system -22.356 kcal (4) G-CDS(sol) cavity-dispersion-solvent structure free energy -2.572 kcal (5) G-P-CDS(sol) = G-P(sol) + G-CDS(sol) = (2) + (4) -33.735 kcal (6) G-S(sol) free energy of system = (1) + (5) -24.928 kcal 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED Total computer time = 1.48 seconds