Wall clock time and date at job start Sun Mar 7 2021 06:21:55 AMSOL-version 7.1 by G. D. Hawkins, D. J. Giesen, G. C. Lynch, C. C. Chambers, I. Rossi, J. W. Storer, J. Li, J. D. Thompson, P. Winget, B. J. Lynch, D. Rinaldi, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar Copyright 2004 by Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Notice: recipients of this code are asked to comply with the user agreement in Section 1 of the documentation file. ******************************************************************************* * 1SCF - SCF CALCULATION WITHOUT GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION * - USE EF ROUTINE FOR MINIMUM SEARCH (DEFAULT) * GEO-OK - OVERRIDE INTERATOMIC DISTANCE CHECK * TLIMIT= - A TIME OF 15. SECONDS REQUESTED * CHARGE - CHARGE ON SYSTEM= 0 * AM1 - THE AM1 HAMILTONIAN TO BE USED * SM5.42R - SM5.42R CALCULATIONS WILL BE PERFORMED * - CHARGE MODEL 2 WILL BE USED (CM2A) * - THE SOLVENT IS WATER ******************************************************************************* Atom NO. Chemical Bond length Bond angle Dihedral angle number (k) symbol (angstroms) (degrees) (degrees) (I) NA:I NB:NA:I NC:NB:NA:I NA NB NC 1 1 C 2 2 C 1.50698 * 1 3 3 C 1.36419 * 125.80435 * 2 1 4 4 C 1.47379 * 127.18977 * 0.02562 * 3 2 1 5 5 O 1.21612 * 119.99769 * 359.97438 * 4 3 2 6 6 N 1.34777 * 119.99977 * 180.02562 * 4 3 2 7 7 C 1.46497 * 120.00242 * 179.97438 * 6 4 3 8 8 C 1.52990 * 109.47171 * 179.97438 * 7 6 4 9 9 H 1.09000 * 112.90908 * 43.75361 * 8 7 6 10 10 C 1.53786 * 113.61464 * 174.99989 * 8 7 6 11 11 C 1.53781 * 87.17350 * 140.02626 * 10 8 7 12 12 F 1.39903 * 113.61367 * 89.07581 * 11 10 8 13 13 C 1.52991 * 113.61529 * 219.97788 * 11 10 8 14 14 N 1.46508 * 109.47429 * 184.99923 * 13 11 10 15 15 C 1.34777 * 120.00013 * 180.02562 * 14 13 11 16 16 O 1.21506 * 120.00051 * 359.97438 * 15 14 13 17 17 O 1.34641 * 119.99628 * 180.02562 * 15 14 13 18 18 C 1.45196 * 116.99547 * 180.02562 * 17 15 14 19 19 C 1.52995 * 109.47460 * 59.99904 * 18 17 15 20 20 C 1.53002 * 109.46917 * 179.97438 * 18 17 15 21 21 C 1.53000 * 109.46965 * 299.99388 * 18 17 15 22 22 C 1.53781 * 87.08070 * 334.52830 * 11 10 8 23 23 C 1.47020 * 105.61346 * 180.26490 * 3 2 1 24 24 C 1.34173 * 105.95611 * 359.57311 * 23 3 2 25 25 C 1.50705 * 125.43790 * 180.14638 * 24 23 3 26 26 O 1.42894 * 109.47177 * 65.31244 * 25 24 23 27 27 Si 1.86297 * 109.46952 * 185.31279 * 25 24 23 28 28 O 1.33658 * 125.80150 * 180.02562 * 2 1 3 29 29 H 1.08997 * 109.47437 * 89.99717 * 1 2 3 30 30 H 1.08998 * 109.47027 * 210.00125 * 1 2 3 31 31 H 1.09010 * 109.46704 * 329.99344 * 1 2 3 32 32 H 0.97003 * 119.99582 * 359.97438 * 6 4 3 33 33 H 1.09007 * 109.46596 * 59.99839 * 7 6 4 34 34 H 1.08994 * 109.47005 * 300.00149 * 7 6 4 35 35 H 1.09002 * 113.61357 * 25.43543 * 10 8 7 36 36 H 1.09002 * 113.61608 * 254.61705 * 10 8 7 37 37 H 1.08997 * 109.47550 * 304.99814 * 13 11 10 38 38 H 1.09002 * 109.47334 * 65.00084 * 13 11 10 39 39 H 0.96996 * 119.99136 * 0.02562 * 14 13 11 40 40 H 1.08997 * 109.47727 * 59.99524 * 19 18 17 41 41 H 1.09000 * 109.47067 * 180.02562 * 19 18 17 42 42 H 1.09004 * 109.46829 * 299.99469 * 19 18 17 43 43 H 1.09007 * 109.46745 * 59.99907 * 20 18 17 44 44 H 1.08995 * 109.47382 * 179.97438 * 20 18 17 45 45 H 1.09000 * 109.47121 * 300.00052 * 20 18 17 46 46 H 1.08998 * 109.46994 * 60.00765 * 21 18 17 47 47 H 1.09002 * 109.46800 * 180.02562 * 21 18 17 48 48 H 1.08994 * 109.47352 * 300.00303 * 21 18 17 49 49 H 1.09005 * 113.61471 * 139.98321 * 22 11 10 50 50 H 1.08996 * 113.61178 * 270.79663 * 22 11 10 51 51 H 1.07998 * 127.01598 * 179.73631 * 23 3 2 52 52 H 1.09002 * 109.46579 * 305.31050 * 25 24 23 53 53 H 0.96699 * 114.00330 * 59.99704 * 26 25 24 54 54 H 1.48501 * 110.00087 * 179.97438 * 27 25 24 55 55 H 1.48502 * 110.00049 * 301.31702 * 27 25 24 Note: An asterisk (*) indicates this parameter was or will be optimized. Cartesian coordinates (angstroms) NO. Atom X Y Z 1 6 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2 6 1.5070 0.0000 0.0000 3 6 2.3051 1.1064 0.0000 4 6 1.8740 2.5157 0.0005 5 8 0.6890 2.7891 0.0006 6 7 2.7931 3.5015 -0.0001 7 6 2.3647 4.9025 -0.0001 8 6 3.5949 5.8119 -0.0002 9 1 4.3672 5.4810 -0.6946 10 6 3.2558 7.3069 -0.1231 11 6 4.3679 7.5658 0.9070 12 9 5.6299 7.7553 0.3336 13 6 4.0130 8.6423 1.9345 14 7 5.1724 8.8998 2.7925 15 6 5.0917 9.8164 3.7773 16 8 4.0576 10.4296 3.9532 17 8 6.1573 10.0533 4.5654 18 6 5.9982 11.0534 5.6058 19 6 4.8730 10.6304 6.5522 20 6 7.3040 11.1829 6.3927 21 6 5.6501 12.4005 4.9694 22 6 4.1284 6.1321 1.4091 23 6 3.6849 0.5990 -0.0065 24 6 3.5859 -0.7391 -0.0002 25 6 4.7459 -1.7012 -0.0003 26 8 5.4763 -1.5667 1.2205 27 14 4.1068 -3.4444 -0.1527 28 8 2.2889 -1.0840 -0.0005 29 1 -0.3634 0.0001 -1.0276 30 1 -0.3633 -0.8900 0.5138 31 1 -0.3633 0.8900 0.5140 32 1 3.7383 3.2833 -0.0005 33 1 1.7674 5.0997 0.8902 34 1 1.7667 5.0995 -0.8898 35 1 2.2588 7.5596 0.2379 36 1 3.4674 7.7232 -1.1080 37 1 3.7329 9.5600 1.4174 38 1 3.1777 8.3002 2.5456 39 1 5.9979 8.4104 2.6517 40 1 5.1209 9.6708 7.0056 41 1 4.7533 11.3815 7.3330 42 1 3.9425 10.5380 5.9919 43 1 8.1060 11.4841 5.7186 44 1 7.1848 11.9340 7.1735 45 1 7.5517 10.2231 6.8461 46 1 4.7197 12.3080 4.4091 47 1 5.5311 13.1514 5.7505 48 1 6.4518 12.7019 4.2952 49 1 5.0451 5.5987 1.6607 50 1 3.3710 6.0638 2.1900 51 1 4.5928 1.1839 -0.0123 52 1 5.4015 -1.4796 -0.8424 53 1 4.9541 -1.7494 2.0136 54 1 5.2410 -4.4029 -0.1546 55 1 3.1864 -3.7482 0.9725 There are 75 doubly filled levels RHF calculation, no. of doubly occupied orbitals= 75 No. of singly occupied orbitals= 1 REFERENCES FOR PARAMETERS IN GAS-PHASE HAMILTONIAN: H: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) C: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) N: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) O: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) F: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR AND E. G. ZOEBISCH, THEOCHEM, 180, 1 (1988). Si: (AM1): M.J.S.DEWAR, C. JIE, ORGANOMETALLICS, 6, 1486-1490 (1987). REFERENCE FOR CHARGE MODEL 2: J. Li, J. Xing, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, J. Chem. Phys. 111 (1999) 885. REFERENCE FOR THE PARAMETERIZATION OF THE SM5.42R SOLVATION MODEL: J. Li, T. Zhu, G. D. Hawkins, P. Winget, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, Theor. Chem. Acc. 103 (1999) 9-63 P. Winget, J. D. Thompson C. J. Cramer,and D. G. Truhlar, J. Phys. Chem. B. submitted. CHARGE=0 AM1 1SCF TLIMIT=15 GEO-OK SM5.42R & SOLVNT=WATER s_22_16499940_13308374.mol2 55 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED SCF FIELD WAS ACHIEVED Wall clock time and date at job start Sun Mar 7 2021 06:21:55 Heat of formation + Delta-G solvation = -157.892231 kcal Electronic energy + Delta-G solvation = -37536.808421 eV Core-core repulsion = 32264.692331 eV Total energy + Delta-G solvation = -5272.116090 eV No. of doubly occupied orbitals = 75 and no. of open levels = 1 Molecular weight (most abundant/longest-lived isotopes) = 399.198 amu Computer time = 1.90 seconds Orbital eigenvalues (eV) -48.87646 -43.76623 -41.85777 -40.72409 -39.59757 -38.42039 -38.15124 -36.14081 -35.45256 -34.80088 -34.11862 -33.12336 -30.46179 -29.35840 -28.39802 -28.33351 -27.68824 -27.00373 -25.65140 -24.19345 -23.49884 -22.43335 -21.99638 -21.40147 -20.88737 -20.33790 -19.36347 -18.97338 -17.99883 -17.81006 -17.70945 -17.45424 -17.25749 -16.94943 -16.83883 -16.55468 -16.48990 -16.18684 -15.94944 -15.78356 -15.67292 -15.47672 -15.31344 -14.88899 -14.72701 -14.49539 -14.38921 -14.24130 -14.15225 -13.94892 -13.83623 -13.73286 -13.60680 -13.40123 -13.36590 -13.12893 -12.95059 -12.94078 -12.90324 -12.83192 -12.53544 -12.40109 -12.22915 -12.17767 -12.05803 -11.49221 -11.43923 -11.38074 -11.18484 -11.10551 -10.94757 -10.72773 -10.35636 -10.14503 -9.58303 -4.94396 0.23247 0.83112 1.05794 1.17037 1.42681 1.67032 1.70545 1.91427 2.15065 2.25573 2.93912 3.08555 3.17377 3.19530 3.20695 3.38730 3.49597 3.51562 3.70808 3.76179 3.76311 3.78393 3.91187 4.06434 4.12268 4.24563 4.32958 4.38841 4.43096 4.47741 4.55153 4.58552 4.60560 4.62685 4.65352 4.67093 4.71991 4.73600 4.74875 4.78260 4.81746 4.84644 4.87757 4.88974 4.97998 5.03000 5.13191 5.16425 5.22172 5.24092 5.29573 5.31553 5.44928 5.51422 5.89179 6.24750 6.33150 6.47634 7.15642 7.23028 Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions calculated with CM2 Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C -0.085 4.085 2 C 0.084 3.916 3 C -0.269 4.269 4 C 0.587 3.413 5 O -0.575 6.575 6 N -0.711 5.711 7 C 0.133 3.867 8 C -0.111 4.111 9 H 0.111 0.889 10 C -0.134 4.134 11 C 0.082 3.918 12 F -0.195 7.195 13 C 0.129 3.871 14 N -0.702 5.702 15 C 0.646 3.354 16 O -0.591 6.591 17 O -0.370 6.370 18 C 0.126 3.874 19 C -0.180 4.180 20 C -0.138 4.138 21 C -0.180 4.180 22 C -0.145 4.145 23 C -0.145 4.145 24 C -0.059 4.059 25 C -0.032 4.032 26 O -0.534 6.534 27 Si 0.768 3.232 28 O -0.174 6.174 29 H 0.102 0.898 30 H 0.095 0.905 31 H 0.096 0.904 32 H 0.413 0.587 33 H 0.070 0.930 34 H 0.068 0.932 35 H 0.121 0.879 36 H 0.093 0.907 37 H 0.078 0.922 38 H 0.099 0.901 39 H 0.415 0.585 40 H 0.062 0.938 41 H 0.087 0.913 42 H 0.064 0.936 43 H 0.068 0.932 44 H 0.099 0.901 45 H 0.069 0.931 46 H 0.064 0.936 47 H 0.088 0.912 48 H 0.061 0.939 49 H 0.090 0.910 50 H 0.111 0.889 51 H 0.178 0.822 52 H 0.159 0.841 53 H 0.390 0.610 54 H -0.283 1.283 55 H -0.296 1.296 For the charges calculated by CM2: Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges 2.312 -1.906 -1.445 3.326 Note: The Mulliken population analysis charges presented below were not used in the solvation calculation but are provided for completeness. The chosen solvation model uses CM2 partial charges for calculating solvation energies. Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions using Mulliken population analysis Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C -0.141 4.141 2 C 0.031 3.969 3 C -0.274 4.274 4 C 0.376 3.624 5 O -0.457 6.457 6 N -0.363 5.363 7 C 0.010 3.990 8 C -0.129 4.129 9 H 0.129 0.871 10 C -0.172 4.172 11 C 0.063 3.937 12 F -0.175 7.175 13 C 0.006 3.994 14 N -0.362 5.362 15 C 0.399 3.601 16 O -0.482 6.482 17 O -0.284 6.284 18 C 0.090 3.910 19 C -0.237 4.237 20 C -0.195 4.195 21 C -0.238 4.238 22 C -0.182 4.182 23 C -0.164 4.164 24 C -0.107 4.107 25 C -0.141 4.141 26 O -0.342 6.342 27 Si 0.672 3.328 28 O -0.071 6.071 29 H 0.120 0.880 30 H 0.114 0.886 31 H 0.115 0.885 32 H 0.249 0.751 33 H 0.088 0.912 34 H 0.086 0.914 35 H 0.139 0.861 36 H 0.112 0.888 37 H 0.096 0.904 38 H 0.117 0.883 39 H 0.252 0.748 40 H 0.081 0.919 41 H 0.106 0.894 42 H 0.083 0.917 43 H 0.087 0.913 44 H 0.118 0.882 45 H 0.088 0.912 46 H 0.083 0.917 47 H 0.107 0.893 48 H 0.080 0.920 49 H 0.108 0.892 50 H 0.129 0.871 51 H 0.196 0.804 52 H 0.176 0.824 53 H 0.240 0.760 54 H -0.209 1.209 55 H -0.222 1.222 Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges 1.398 -2.257 -1.345 2.977 hybrid contribution 0.970 0.420 1.050 1.490 sum 2.368 -1.838 -0.295 3.012 Atomic orbital electron populations 1.20707 0.82648 1.05349 1.05385 1.23238 0.94777 0.83042 0.95869 1.21237 0.94215 0.93581 1.18336 1.17340 0.85204 0.84416 0.75413 1.90764 1.17946 1.84573 1.52371 1.45686 1.10091 1.05856 1.74643 1.21359 0.96299 0.78750 1.02560 1.22732 0.97521 0.94613 0.98080 0.87113 1.23573 0.99071 0.94759 0.99818 1.22119 0.81029 0.96153 0.94405 1.92866 1.42470 1.96277 1.85914 1.21921 0.87830 0.98893 0.90712 1.44542 1.18094 1.41250 1.32361 1.18256 0.82006 0.80036 0.79798 1.90913 1.31351 1.52579 1.73323 1.86317 1.38763 1.58914 1.44431 1.22386 0.98235 0.85668 0.84705 1.22472 0.98791 1.02700 0.99719 1.21897 0.93880 1.03913 0.99809 1.22478 1.02778 0.96071 1.02432 1.23852 1.03684 0.92920 0.97755 1.22804 0.96416 0.93588 1.03627 1.22828 0.82793 0.96000 1.09089 1.24495 0.91194 1.07297 0.91111 1.86638 1.40088 1.91538 1.15980 0.93542 0.78202 0.72182 0.88838 1.83684 1.16876 1.35078 1.71459 0.87979 0.88613 0.88529 0.75095 0.91176 0.91358 0.86073 0.88818 0.90374 0.88303 0.74801 0.91891 0.89385 0.91695 0.91258 0.88204 0.91155 0.91735 0.89335 0.92032 0.89175 0.87065 0.80433 0.82377 0.76023 1.20933 1.22236 Number of geometries 1 Number of calculations of the screened coulomb radii 1 The total number of SCF iterations 15. Note: The number of geometries may not correspond to the number of cycles due to rejected geometry changes. In the following table subtotal= G_P + SS G_CDS. Atom Chem. CM2 G_P Area Sigma k SS G_CDS Subtotal M number symbol chg. (kcal) (Ang**2) cal/(Ang**2) (kcal) (kcal) value 1 C -0.09 0.02 9.89 71.24 0.70 0.72 16 2 C 0.08 0.24 7.37 25.26 0.19 0.43 16 3 C -0.27 -0.78 6.31 -18.99 -0.12 -0.90 16 4 C 0.59 2.65 7.81 86.65 0.68 3.33 16 5 O -0.57 -6.26 14.84 -4.07 -0.06 -6.32 16 6 N -0.71 1.59 5.55 -466.43 -2.59 -1.00 16 7 C 0.13 -0.54 5.52 86.38 0.48 -0.06 16 8 C -0.11 0.88 3.74 -10.18 -0.04 0.84 16 9 H 0.11 -0.93 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.95 16 10 C -0.13 1.04 7.09 31.12 0.22 1.26 16 11 C 0.08 -0.43 1.74 -10.27 -0.02 -0.45 16 12 F -0.19 0.12 16.58 44.97 0.75 0.87 16 13 C 0.13 -0.30 5.43 86.37 0.47 0.17 16 14 N -0.70 -0.78 5.46 -590.85 -3.22 -4.00 16 15 C 0.65 4.48 8.06 129.79 1.05 5.53 16 16 O -0.59 -6.87 11.88 19.82 0.24 -6.64 16 17 O -0.37 -2.24 9.94 -55.50 -0.55 -2.79 16 18 C 0.13 0.40 1.13 -10.79 -0.01 0.39 16 19 C -0.18 -0.55 8.37 71.98 0.60 0.05 16 20 C -0.14 0.25 8.85 71.98 0.64 0.89 16 21 C -0.18 -0.63 8.37 71.98 0.60 -0.02 16 22 C -0.14 1.12 7.09 31.21 0.22 1.34 16 23 C -0.15 0.17 10.48 23.65 0.25 0.42 16 24 C -0.06 0.05 6.18 24.76 0.15 0.20 16 25 C -0.03 0.12 2.97 71.24 0.21 0.33 16 26 O -0.53 0.81 12.88 -148.98 -1.92 -1.11 16 27 Si 0.77 -2.19 32.09 68.60 2.20 0.01 16 28 O -0.17 -0.29 8.90 4.47 0.04 -0.25 16 29 H 0.10 -0.22 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.24 16 30 H 0.10 -0.35 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.37 16 31 H 0.10 0.29 6.49 -2.38 -0.02 0.28 16 32 H 0.41 -2.83 7.64 -92.71 -0.71 -3.54 16 33 H 0.07 -0.19 7.85 -2.38 -0.02 -0.21 16 34 H 0.07 -0.14 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.16 16 35 H 0.12 -1.20 8.06 -2.39 -0.02 -1.22 16 36 H 0.09 -0.70 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.72 16 37 H 0.08 -0.06 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.07 16 38 H 0.10 -0.33 7.84 -2.39 -0.02 -0.35 16 39 H 0.42 -0.60 8.14 -92.71 -0.75 -1.35 16 40 H 0.06 0.15 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 0.13 16 41 H 0.09 -0.04 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.06 16 42 H 0.06 0.53 5.88 -2.39 -0.01 0.51 16 43 H 0.07 -0.13 8.14 -2.38 -0.02 -0.14 16 44 H 0.10 -0.52 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.54 16 45 H 0.07 -0.14 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.16 16 46 H 0.06 0.56 5.88 -2.39 -0.01 0.54 16 47 H 0.09 -0.01 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 -0.03 16 48 H 0.06 0.19 8.14 -2.39 -0.02 0.17 16 49 H 0.09 -0.71 8.14 -2.38 -0.02 -0.73 16 50 H 0.11 -0.93 7.66 -2.39 -0.02 -0.95 16 51 H 0.18 -1.10 7.74 -2.91 -0.02 -1.12 16 52 H 0.16 -1.26 7.96 -2.39 -0.02 -1.28 16 53 H 0.39 -2.38 8.70 -74.06 -0.64 -3.03 16 54 H -0.28 -0.80 7.11 99.48 0.71 -0.10 16 55 H -0.30 -1.10 7.11 99.48 0.71 -0.40 16 Total: 0.00 -22.88 452.58 0.02 -22.86 By element: Atomic # 1 Polarization: -14.96 SS G_CDS: -1.13 Total: -16.09 kcal Atomic # 6 Polarization: 8.20 SS G_CDS: 6.27 Total: 14.47 kcal Atomic # 7 Polarization: 0.81 SS G_CDS: -5.81 Total: -5.00 kcal Atomic # 8 Polarization: -14.85 SS G_CDS: -2.26 Total: -17.11 kcal Atomic # 9 Polarization: 0.12 SS G_CDS: 0.75 Total: 0.87 kcal Atomic # 14 Polarization: -2.19 SS G_CDS: 2.20 Total: 0.01 kcal Total: -22.88 0.02 -22.86 kcal The number of atoms in the molecule is 55 The average number of expansion shells was 16.00 The maximum number of expansion shells was 16 The minimum number of expansion shells was 16 **** NOTA BENE **** This is the net solvation energy for this exact molecular structure (nuclear and electronic)! The standard-state solvation energy should be obtained as the difference between the heat of formation plus delta-G solvation for the relaxed solvated system and that for the relaxed gas-phase system. s_22_16499940_13308374.mol2 55 1SCF run This is a breakdown of the solvation energy calculated without geometric relaxation in solution: (1) E-EN(sol) electronic-nuclear energy of solute -135.036 kcal (2) G-P(sol) polarization free energy of solvation -22.876 kcal (3) G-ENP(sol) elect.-nuc.-pol. free energy of system -157.913 kcal (4) G-CDS(sol) cavity-dispersion-solvent structure free energy 0.020 kcal (5) G-P-CDS(sol) = G-P(sol) + G-CDS(sol) = (2) + (4) -22.856 kcal (6) G-S(sol) free energy of system = (1) + (5) -157.892 kcal 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED Total computer time = 1.90 seconds