Wall clock time and date at job start Mon Mar 8 2021 10:02:16 AMSOL-version 7.1 by G. D. Hawkins, D. J. Giesen, G. C. Lynch, C. C. Chambers, I. Rossi, J. W. Storer, J. Li, J. D. Thompson, P. Winget, B. J. Lynch, D. Rinaldi, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar Copyright 2004 by Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Notice: recipients of this code are asked to comply with the user agreement in Section 1 of the documentation file. ******************************************************************************* * 1SCF - SCF CALCULATION WITHOUT GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION * - USE EF ROUTINE FOR MINIMUM SEARCH (DEFAULT) * GEO-OK - OVERRIDE INTERATOMIC DISTANCE CHECK * TLIMIT= - A TIME OF 15. SECONDS REQUESTED * CHARGE - CHARGE ON SYSTEM= 0 * AM1 - THE AM1 HAMILTONIAN TO BE USED * DEV - DEVELOPER OPTIONS ARE ALLOWED * SM5.42R - SM5.42R CALCULATIONS WILL BE PERFORMED * - CHARGE MODEL 2 WILL BE USED (CM2A) * - THE SOLVENT IS USER-SPECIFIED * DIELEC - THE SOLVENT DIELECTRIC CONSTANT IS 2.06 * IOFR - THE SOLVENT INDEX OF REFRACTION IS 1.4345 * ALPHA - THE SOLVENT ALPHA IS 0.00 * BETA - THE SOLVENT BETA IS 0.00 * GAMMA - THE SOLVENT MACROSCOPIC SURFACE TENSION IS * 38.93 CAL MOL^-1 ANGSTROM^-2 * FACARB - THE FRACTION OF AROMATIC CARBONS IS 0.00 * FEHALO - THE FRACTION OF ELECTRONEGATIVE HALOGENS IS 0.00 ******************************************************************************* Atom NO. Chemical Bond length Bond angle Dihedral angle number (k) symbol (angstroms) (degrees) (degrees) (I) NA:I NB:NA:I NC:NB:NA:I NA NB NC 1 1 C 2 2 C 1.52993 * 1 3 3 O 1.45200 * 109.47416 * 2 1 4 4 C 1.34225 * 117.00192 * 180.02562 * 3 2 1 5 5 O 1.20827 * 119.99650 * 359.97438 * 4 3 2 6 6 C 1.50692 * 119.99937 * 180.02562 * 4 3 2 7 7 H 1.08997 * 109.47560 * 59.99695 * 6 4 3 8 8 C 1.53004 * 109.47299 * 179.97438 * 6 4 3 9 9 C 1.52998 * 109.47439 * 179.97438 * 8 6 4 10 10 C 1.52999 * 109.47058 * 299.99988 * 9 8 6 11 11 F 1.39898 * 109.47122 * 180.02562 * 10 9 8 12 12 C 1.53000 * 109.47010 * 299.99905 * 10 9 8 13 13 S 1.81396 * 109.47329 * 180.02562 * 12 10 9 14 14 O 1.42101 * 110.54387 * 68.37251 * 13 12 10 15 15 O 1.42105 * 110.53966 * 291.62395 * 13 12 10 16 16 O 1.52198 * 104.45079 * 180.02562 * 13 12 10 17 17 C 1.35957 * 114.00438 * 74.99763 * 16 13 12 18 18 C 1.38868 * 120.05436 * 270.04306 * 17 16 13 19 19 F 1.35103 * 120.05190 * 359.97438 * 18 17 16 20 20 C 1.38441 * 119.89332 * 179.97438 * 18 17 16 21 21 Cl 1.73602 * 119.99575 * 180.27921 * 20 18 17 22 22 C 1.38365 * 120.00554 * 0.02562 * 20 18 17 23 23 C 1.38252 * 120.11158 * 359.97438 * 22 20 18 24 24 C 1.38179 * 120.10729 * 0.02562 * 23 22 20 25 25 C 1.50703 * 120.00241 * 179.97438 * 24 23 22 26 26 O 1.42906 * 109.46765 * 105.00377 * 25 24 23 27 27 Si 1.86301 * 109.47049 * 345.00587 * 25 24 23 28 28 C 1.52997 * 109.47439 * 59.99813 * 10 9 8 29 29 C 1.53002 * 109.46852 * 299.99396 * 6 4 3 30 30 H 1.09002 * 109.47471 * 299.99571 * 1 2 3 31 31 H 1.08998 * 109.47400 * 59.99347 * 1 2 3 32 32 H 1.09001 * 109.47685 * 179.97438 * 1 2 3 33 33 H 1.09007 * 109.46865 * 240.00072 * 2 1 3 34 34 H 1.08998 * 109.47400 * 120.00653 * 2 1 3 35 35 H 1.08997 * 109.47042 * 59.99403 * 8 6 4 36 36 H 1.09005 * 109.46665 * 299.99847 * 8 6 4 37 37 H 1.09003 * 109.47266 * 179.97438 * 9 8 6 38 38 H 1.08997 * 109.47250 * 59.99826 * 9 8 6 39 39 H 1.08997 * 109.47482 * 59.99813 * 12 10 9 40 40 H 1.09009 * 109.47121 * 300.00087 * 12 10 9 41 41 H 1.07997 * 119.93927 * 179.97438 * 22 20 18 42 42 H 1.07998 * 119.94358 * 180.02562 * 23 22 20 43 43 H 1.08993 * 109.46919 * 225.00564 * 25 24 23 44 44 H 0.96700 * 113.99938 * 300.00334 * 26 25 24 45 45 H 1.48493 * 110.00291 * 58.68142 * 27 25 24 46 46 H 1.48497 * 109.99523 * 179.97438 * 27 25 24 47 47 H 1.09006 * 109.47054 * 60.00040 * 28 10 9 48 48 H 1.08992 * 109.46976 * 180.02562 * 28 10 9 49 49 H 1.08994 * 109.47662 * 300.00117 * 29 6 4 50 50 H 1.09000 * 109.47037 * 60.01007 * 29 6 4 Note: An asterisk (*) indicates this parameter was or will be optimized. Cartesian coordinates (angstroms) NO. Atom X Y Z 1 6 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2 6 1.5299 0.0000 0.0000 3 8 2.0140 1.3689 0.0000 4 6 3.3447 1.5448 -0.0005 5 8 4.0806 0.5865 -0.0005 6 6 3.9207 2.9373 0.0000 7 1 3.5852 3.4690 0.8904 8 6 5.4486 2.8572 -0.0001 9 6 6.0335 4.2710 -0.0002 10 6 5.5618 5.0179 -1.2494 11 9 6.0970 6.3105 -1.2498 12 6 6.0333 4.2709 -2.4987 13 16 5.4748 5.1568 -3.9798 14 8 6.1538 6.3989 -4.1036 15 8 4.0613 5.0790 -4.1040 16 8 5.9994 4.3242 -5.1408 17 6 5.3060 3.1745 -5.3547 18 6 5.6862 2.0033 -4.7127 19 9 6.7461 2.0044 -3.8750 20 6 4.9773 0.8346 -4.9326 21 17 5.4459 -0.6294 -4.1258 22 6 3.8923 0.8345 -5.7912 23 6 3.5136 2.0004 -6.4304 24 6 4.2178 3.1695 -6.2143 25 6 3.8032 4.4390 -6.9128 26 8 3.1457 5.3016 -5.9824 27 14 2.6394 4.0282 -8.3084 28 6 4.0339 5.0981 -1.2494 29 6 3.4486 3.6849 -1.2487 30 1 -0.3634 0.5138 0.8900 31 1 -0.3634 0.5139 -0.8899 32 1 -0.3634 -1.0276 -0.0005 33 1 1.8932 -0.5139 -0.8901 34 1 1.8933 -0.5139 0.8899 35 1 5.7845 2.3254 -0.8903 36 1 5.7846 2.3247 0.8897 37 1 7.1220 4.2140 0.0002 38 1 5.6976 4.8032 0.8897 39 1 5.6167 3.2637 -2.4986 40 1 7.1219 4.2139 -2.4987 41 1 3.3404 -0.0778 -5.9622 42 1 2.6660 1.9974 -7.0997 43 1 4.6858 4.9393 -7.3111 44 1 2.3497 4.9202 -5.5873 45 1 1.4465 3.3173 -7.7824 46 1 2.2228 5.2718 -9.0048 47 1 3.6980 5.6303 -0.3594 48 1 3.6980 5.6298 -2.1395 49 1 3.7841 3.1533 -2.1391 50 1 2.3601 3.7421 -1.2481 There are 78 doubly filled levels RHF calculation, no. of doubly occupied orbitals= 78 No. of singly occupied orbitals= 1 REFERENCES FOR PARAMETERS IN GAS-PHASE HAMILTONIAN: H: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) C: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) O: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) F: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR AND E. G. ZOEBISCH, THEOCHEM, 180, 1 (1988). Si: (AM1): M.J.S.DEWAR, C. JIE, ORGANOMETALLICS, 6, 1486-1490 (1987). S: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR, Y.-C. YUAN, INORGANIC CHEM., 29, 589 (1990) Cl: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR AND E. G. ZOEBISCH, THEOCHEM, 180, 1 (1988). REFERENCE FOR CHARGE MODEL 2: J. Li, J. Xing, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, J. Chem. Phys. 111 (1999) 885. REFERENCE FOR THE PARAMETERIZATION OF THE SM5.42R SOLVATION MODEL: J. Li, T. Zhu, G. D. Hawkins, P. Winget, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, Theor. Chem. Acc. 103 (1999) 9-63 P. Winget, J. D. Thompson C. J. Cramer,and D. G. Truhlar, J. Phys. Chem. B. submitted. CHARGE=0 AM1 1SCF TLIMIT=15 GEO-OK SM5.42R & SOLVNT=GENORG IOFR=1.4345 ALPHA=0.00 BETA=0.00 GAMMA=38.93 & DIELEC=2.06 FACARB=0.00 FEHALO=0.00 DEV s_40_18323490_16464696.mol2 50 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED SCF FIELD WAS ACHIEVED Wall clock time and date at job start Mon Mar 8 2021 10:02:16 Heat of formation + Delta-G solvation = -271.732199 kcal Electronic energy + Delta-G solvation = -46771.286651 eV Core-core repulsion = 40749.151295 eV Total energy + Delta-G solvation = -6022.135356 eV No. of doubly occupied orbitals = 78 and no. of open levels = 1 Molecular weight (most abundant/longest-lived isotopes) = 455.084 amu Computer time = 1.50 seconds Orbital eigenvalues (eV) -50.64643 -49.00612 -42.55403 -41.84139 -39.91512 -39.68954 -38.37695 -38.08968 -37.60770 -37.50423 -37.05564 -33.60835 -32.81777 -32.59325 -32.23456 -31.86954 -29.32759 -27.33909 -25.49034 -25.17932 -24.32796 -23.72874 -23.55190 -22.32023 -21.84099 -20.62040 -19.82356 -19.37481 -19.24596 -18.91811 -18.75612 -18.11575 -17.77452 -17.67544 -17.65835 -17.44713 -17.22069 -16.93689 -16.71594 -16.42137 -16.17253 -16.03133 -15.79330 -15.48722 -15.38771 -15.09530 -15.00067 -14.95521 -14.55496 -14.46538 -14.23236 -14.12921 -14.06096 -13.92556 -13.87139 -13.76059 -13.64443 -13.32401 -13.22655 -13.13600 -12.95587 -12.91012 -12.86926 -12.75712 -12.70201 -12.59649 -12.46526 -12.40657 -12.27202 -11.96929 -11.87251 -11.71651 -11.56706 -11.36607 -11.22683 -10.62876 -10.48348 -10.27002 -5.11622 -1.33327 -0.76162 -0.54668 0.42639 0.89118 1.02241 1.12169 1.37973 1.54397 1.61756 1.82365 2.24627 2.40730 2.69737 2.82649 2.94283 2.99229 3.05002 3.11841 3.23117 3.28784 3.34245 3.36526 3.53029 3.61302 3.69083 3.82125 3.88129 3.88553 3.91471 3.93693 4.02747 4.03345 4.09328 4.18573 4.21987 4.28733 4.38026 4.40477 4.44521 4.48131 4.54228 4.61230 4.69463 4.72295 4.73392 4.76589 4.82357 4.92657 4.95364 5.01156 5.05418 5.40572 6.48605 6.68020 Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions calculated with CM2 Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C -0.154 4.154 2 C 0.061 3.939 3 O -0.356 6.356 4 C 0.465 3.535 5 O -0.501 6.501 6 C -0.087 4.087 7 H 0.118 0.882 8 C -0.107 4.107 9 C -0.128 4.128 10 C 0.141 3.859 11 F -0.191 7.191 12 C -0.698 4.698 13 S 2.586 3.414 14 O -0.902 6.902 15 O -0.907 6.907 16 O -0.650 6.650 17 C 0.069 3.931 18 C 0.096 3.904 19 F -0.110 7.110 20 C -0.059 4.059 21 Cl -0.017 7.017 22 C -0.057 4.057 23 C -0.103 4.103 24 C -0.054 4.054 25 C -0.101 4.101 26 O -0.486 6.486 27 Si 0.696 3.304 28 C -0.169 4.169 29 C -0.105 4.105 30 H 0.068 0.932 31 H 0.067 0.933 32 H 0.081 0.919 33 H 0.070 0.930 34 H 0.071 0.929 35 H 0.079 0.921 36 H 0.088 0.912 37 H 0.090 0.910 38 H 0.090 0.910 39 H 0.150 0.850 40 H 0.154 0.846 41 H 0.163 0.837 42 H 0.162 0.838 43 H 0.126 0.874 44 H 0.383 0.617 45 H -0.251 1.251 46 H -0.248 1.248 47 H 0.101 0.899 48 H 0.101 0.899 49 H 0.067 0.933 50 H 0.098 0.902 For the charges calculated by CM2: Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -5.166 -5.709 -1.623 7.868 Note: The Mulliken population analysis charges presented below were not used in the solvation calculation but are provided for completeness. The chosen solvation model uses CM2 partial charges for calculating solvation energies. Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions using Mulliken population analysis Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C -0.211 4.211 2 C -0.013 4.013 3 O -0.273 6.273 4 C 0.307 3.693 5 O -0.388 6.388 6 C -0.106 4.106 7 H 0.136 0.864 8 C -0.145 4.145 9 C -0.167 4.167 10 C 0.122 3.878 11 F -0.171 7.171 12 C -0.822 4.822 13 S 2.678 3.322 14 O -0.900 6.900 15 O -0.905 6.905 16 O -0.608 6.608 17 C 0.025 3.975 18 C 0.074 3.926 19 F -0.088 7.088 20 C -0.088 4.088 21 Cl 0.012 6.988 22 C -0.076 4.076 23 C -0.121 4.121 24 C -0.057 4.057 25 C -0.210 4.210 26 O -0.294 6.294 27 Si 0.595 3.405 28 C -0.206 4.206 29 C -0.142 4.142 30 H 0.087 0.913 31 H 0.087 0.913 32 H 0.100 0.900 33 H 0.089 0.911 34 H 0.089 0.911 35 H 0.097 0.903 36 H 0.106 0.894 37 H 0.108 0.892 38 H 0.109 0.891 39 H 0.168 0.832 40 H 0.172 0.828 41 H 0.180 0.820 42 H 0.179 0.821 43 H 0.144 0.856 44 H 0.233 0.767 45 H -0.176 1.176 46 H -0.173 1.173 47 H 0.120 0.880 48 H 0.119 0.881 49 H 0.086 0.914 50 H 0.116 0.884 Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -5.282 -5.046 -2.507 7.723 hybrid contribution 0.562 -0.413 1.975 2.094 sum -4.720 -5.459 -0.532 7.236 Atomic orbital electron populations 1.21821 0.92282 1.03276 1.03697 1.23084 0.95615 0.79808 1.02745 1.86503 1.24238 1.32766 1.83750 1.23595 0.80825 0.92388 0.72481 1.90701 1.60417 1.42936 1.44712 1.21239 0.96637 0.90338 1.02403 0.86401 1.21511 0.91686 0.96341 1.04959 1.22061 1.02690 0.95643 0.96283 1.20422 0.94154 0.78759 0.94477 1.93001 1.87757 1.38941 1.97411 1.31831 1.15264 1.15797 1.19299 1.06092 0.75591 0.75320 0.75155 1.93693 1.75459 1.37297 1.83578 1.93670 1.29405 1.85500 1.81972 1.85808 1.67897 1.40150 1.66946 1.17522 0.94967 0.81693 1.03279 1.17507 0.88017 0.92782 0.94334 1.91618 1.52672 1.96845 1.67643 1.20886 0.98662 0.88250 1.00959 1.98468 1.91402 1.31599 1.77332 1.21261 0.93577 1.00105 0.92679 1.21261 1.00368 0.90499 0.99963 1.20615 0.92317 0.97990 0.94795 1.25332 1.05699 0.90324 0.99659 1.86800 1.44398 1.41065 1.57090 0.95100 0.80144 0.84508 0.80703 1.22592 0.91855 0.99174 1.06992 1.21474 1.02851 0.93954 0.95924 0.91333 0.91349 0.90007 0.91117 0.91103 0.90283 0.89359 0.89175 0.89115 0.83240 0.82812 0.81973 0.82073 0.85636 0.76689 1.17621 1.17259 0.88021 0.88053 0.91411 0.88389 Number of geometries 1 Number of calculations of the screened coulomb radii 1 The total number of SCF iterations 13. Note: The number of geometries may not correspond to the number of cycles due to rejected geometry changes. In the following table subtotal= G_P + SS G_CDS. Atom Chem. CM2 G_P Area Sigma k SS G_CDS Subtotal M number symbol chg. (kcal) (Ang**2) cal/(Ang**2) (kcal) (kcal) value 1 C -0.15 0.38 10.29 37.15 0.38 0.76 16 2 C 0.06 -0.04 6.19 37.15 0.23 0.19 16 3 O -0.36 -0.20 10.12 -39.25 -0.40 -0.59 16 4 C 0.46 0.48 7.25 36.00 0.26 0.74 16 5 O -0.50 -1.84 15.73 -18.75 -0.29 -2.13 16 6 C -0.09 0.11 2.63 -91.77 -0.24 -0.13 16 7 H 0.12 -0.36 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.78 16 8 C -0.11 0.11 4.22 -26.73 -0.11 0.00 16 9 C -0.13 0.17 5.19 -26.73 -0.14 0.03 16 10 C 0.14 0.06 1.10 -90.62 -0.10 -0.04 16 11 F -0.19 -0.62 16.08 2.25 0.04 -0.59 16 12 C -0.70 -0.38 3.22 37.16 0.12 -0.26 16 13 S 2.59 7.83 4.47 -107.50 -0.48 7.35 16 14 O -0.90 -6.52 17.60 -67.03 -1.18 -7.70 16 15 O -0.91 -1.80 9.68 -70.98 -0.69 -2.49 16 16 O -0.65 -1.70 9.27 -51.93 -0.48 -2.18 16 17 C 0.07 0.05 4.78 -39.19 -0.19 -0.13 16 18 C 0.10 0.03 6.31 -39.27 -0.25 -0.21 16 19 F -0.11 -0.11 14.24 2.25 0.03 -0.08 16 20 C -0.06 0.06 6.32 -39.46 -0.25 -0.19 16 21 Cl -0.02 0.00 28.61 -51.86 -1.48 -1.48 16 22 C -0.06 0.20 9.83 -39.53 -0.39 -0.19 16 23 C -0.10 0.37 8.65 -39.60 -0.34 0.03 16 24 C -0.05 0.06 4.87 -104.48 -0.51 -0.45 16 25 C -0.10 0.07 2.30 36.01 0.08 0.16 16 26 O -0.49 -0.51 9.01 -60.50 -0.55 -1.05 16 27 Si 0.70 -2.01 30.25 -169.99 -5.14 -7.15 16 28 C -0.17 0.14 4.71 -26.75 -0.13 0.01 16 29 C -0.10 0.16 4.86 -26.75 -0.13 0.03 16 30 H 0.07 -0.16 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.58 16 31 H 0.07 -0.17 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.60 16 32 H 0.08 -0.30 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.72 16 33 H 0.07 -0.05 8.13 -51.93 -0.42 -0.47 16 34 H 0.07 -0.03 8.13 -51.93 -0.42 -0.45 16 35 H 0.08 -0.02 6.38 -51.93 -0.33 -0.36 16 36 H 0.09 -0.08 8.10 -51.93 -0.42 -0.50 16 37 H 0.09 -0.14 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.57 16 38 H 0.09 -0.22 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.64 16 39 H 0.15 -0.12 2.76 -51.93 -0.14 -0.26 16 40 H 0.15 -0.11 8.14 -51.92 -0.42 -0.53 16 41 H 0.16 -1.01 8.06 -52.49 -0.42 -1.43 16 42 H 0.16 -0.96 4.86 -52.49 -0.25 -1.22 16 43 H 0.13 -0.07 7.83 -51.93 -0.41 -0.48 16 44 H 0.38 -0.67 8.35 45.56 0.38 -0.29 16 45 H -0.25 0.62 6.68 56.52 0.38 1.00 16 46 H -0.25 -0.19 7.11 56.52 0.40 0.21 16 47 H 0.10 -0.24 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.66 16 48 H 0.10 -0.01 5.46 -51.93 -0.28 -0.29 16 49 H 0.07 -0.10 6.43 -51.93 -0.33 -0.43 16 50 H 0.10 -0.23 8.11 -51.93 -0.42 -0.65 16 LS Contribution 419.33 15.07 6.32 6.32 Total: 0.00 -10.05 419.33 -12.09 -22.13 By element: Atomic # 1 Polarization: -4.63 SS G_CDS: -6.09 Total: -10.72 kcal Atomic # 6 Polarization: 2.06 SS G_CDS: -1.70 Total: 0.36 kcal Atomic # 8 Polarization: -12.57 SS G_CDS: -3.59 Total: -16.15 kcal Atomic # 9 Polarization: -0.73 SS G_CDS: 0.07 Total: -0.66 kcal Atomic # 14 Polarization: -2.01 SS G_CDS: -5.14 Total: -7.15 kcal Atomic # 16 Polarization: 7.83 SS G_CDS: -0.48 Total: 7.35 kcal Atomic # 17 Polarization: 0.00 SS G_CDS: -1.48 Total: -1.48 kcal Total LS contribution 6.32 Total: 6.32 kcal Total: -10.05 -12.09 -22.13 kcal The number of atoms in the molecule is 50 The average number of expansion shells was 16.00 The maximum number of expansion shells was 16 The minimum number of expansion shells was 16 **** NOTA BENE **** This is the net solvation energy for this exact molecular structure (nuclear and electronic)! The standard-state solvation energy should be obtained as the difference between the heat of formation plus delta-G solvation for the relaxed solvated system and that for the relaxed gas-phase system. s_40_18323490_16464696.mol2 50 1SCF run This is a breakdown of the solvation energy calculated without geometric relaxation in solution: (1) E-EN(sol) electronic-nuclear energy of solute -249.599 kcal (2) G-P(sol) polarization free energy of solvation -10.047 kcal (3) G-ENP(sol) elect.-nuc.-pol. free energy of system -259.645 kcal (4) G-CDS(sol) cavity-dispersion-solvent structure free energy -12.087 kcal (5) G-P-CDS(sol) = G-P(sol) + G-CDS(sol) = (2) + (4) -22.134 kcal (6) G-S(sol) free energy of system = (1) + (5) -271.732 kcal 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED Total computer time = 1.51 seconds