Wall clock time and date at job start Tue Mar 9 2021 13:40:27 AMSOL-version 7.1 by G. D. Hawkins, D. J. Giesen, G. C. Lynch, C. C. Chambers, I. Rossi, J. W. Storer, J. Li, J. D. Thompson, P. Winget, B. J. Lynch, D. Rinaldi, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar Copyright 2004 by Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Notice: recipients of this code are asked to comply with the user agreement in Section 1 of the documentation file. ******************************************************************************* * 1SCF - SCF CALCULATION WITHOUT GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION * - USE EF ROUTINE FOR MINIMUM SEARCH (DEFAULT) * GEO-OK - OVERRIDE INTERATOMIC DISTANCE CHECK * TLIMIT= - A TIME OF 15. SECONDS REQUESTED * CHARGE - CHARGE ON SYSTEM= 0 * AM1 - THE AM1 HAMILTONIAN TO BE USED * DEV - DEVELOPER OPTIONS ARE ALLOWED * SM5.42R - SM5.42R CALCULATIONS WILL BE PERFORMED * - CHARGE MODEL 2 WILL BE USED (CM2A) * - THE SOLVENT IS USER-SPECIFIED * DIELEC - THE SOLVENT DIELECTRIC CONSTANT IS 2.06 * IOFR - THE SOLVENT INDEX OF REFRACTION IS 1.4345 * ALPHA - THE SOLVENT ALPHA IS 0.00 * BETA - THE SOLVENT BETA IS 0.00 * GAMMA - THE SOLVENT MACROSCOPIC SURFACE TENSION IS * 38.93 CAL MOL^-1 ANGSTROM^-2 * FACARB - THE FRACTION OF AROMATIC CARBONS IS 0.00 * FEHALO - THE FRACTION OF ELECTRONEGATIVE HALOGENS IS 0.00 ******************************************************************************* Atom NO. Chemical Bond length Bond angle Dihedral angle number (k) symbol (angstroms) (degrees) (degrees) (I) NA:I NB:NA:I NC:NB:NA:I NA NB NC 1 1 C 2 2 O 1.42897 * 1 3 3 C 1.35889 * 117.00314 * 2 1 4 4 C 1.38756 * 120.02886 * 359.97438 * 3 2 1 5 5 C 1.38196 * 120.05839 * 180.02562 * 4 3 2 6 6 C 1.38163 * 120.10570 * 0.02562 * 5 4 3 7 7 C 1.50701 * 119.96743 * 179.97438 * 6 5 4 8 8 O 1.42898 * 109.46994 * 105.02149 * 7 6 5 9 9 Si 1.86301 * 109.47484 * 345.02250 * 7 6 5 10 10 H 1.48494 * 109.47044 * 59.99751 * 9 7 6 11 11 H 1.48493 * 109.47064 * 180.02562 * 9 7 6 12 12 H 1.48499 * 109.46614 * 300.00091 * 9 7 6 13 13 C 1.38786 * 120.05753 * 359.97438 * 6 5 4 14 14 O 1.35898 * 120.02684 * 179.97438 * 13 6 5 15 15 C 1.42898 * 116.99655 * 179.97438 * 14 13 6 16 16 C 1.50706 * 109.47060 * 179.97438 * 15 14 13 17 17 O 1.21281 * 119.99699 * 359.97438 * 16 15 14 18 18 N 1.34773 * 120.00080 * 180.02562 * 16 15 14 19 19 C 1.46506 * 119.99969 * 180.02562 * 18 16 15 20 20 C 1.52998 * 109.47237 * 179.72043 * 19 18 16 21 21 C 1.53573 * 109.47298 * 66.45247 * 20 19 18 22 22 C 1.55142 * 111.29462 * 169.06014 * 21 20 19 23 23 Si 1.89338 * 101.34667 * 331.41516 * 22 21 20 24 24 C 1.86298 * 111.45914 * 120.85141 * 23 22 21 25 25 C 1.86298 * 111.45758 * 245.79617 * 23 22 21 26 26 C 1.55911 * 109.47189 * 186.49640 * 20 19 18 27 27 C 1.38612 * 119.94480 * 0.23153 * 13 6 5 28 28 H 1.08999 * 109.46670 * 60.00046 * 1 2 3 29 29 H 1.08999 * 109.47084 * 179.97438 * 1 2 3 30 30 H 1.08998 * 109.47083 * 300.00108 * 1 2 3 31 31 H 1.08000 * 119.96624 * 0.02708 * 4 3 2 32 32 H 1.07992 * 119.94754 * 179.97438 * 5 4 3 33 33 H 1.08993 * 109.46710 * 225.01791 * 7 6 5 34 34 H 0.96701 * 113.99934 * 299.99409 * 8 7 6 35 35 H 1.09004 * 109.47454 * 60.00035 * 15 14 13 36 36 H 1.08998 * 109.47671 * 299.99815 * 15 14 13 37 37 H 0.97005 * 120.00161 * 359.72088 * 18 16 15 38 38 H 1.09001 * 109.46512 * 299.72412 * 19 18 16 39 39 H 1.08998 * 109.47174 * 59.71534 * 19 18 16 40 40 H 1.08996 * 109.46978 * 306.45199 * 20 19 18 41 41 H 1.09007 * 109.12789 * 289.54725 * 21 20 19 42 42 H 1.09005 * 109.12280 * 48.57219 * 21 20 19 43 43 H 1.08998 * 111.04876 * 89.42814 * 22 21 20 44 44 H 1.08998 * 111.05252 * 213.35911 * 22 21 20 45 45 H 1.09004 * 109.46992 * 60.00035 * 24 23 22 46 46 H 1.09002 * 109.46729 * 180.02562 * 24 23 22 47 47 H 1.08994 * 109.47456 * 299.99907 * 24 23 22 48 48 H 1.09005 * 109.47313 * 59.99743 * 25 23 22 49 49 H 1.09001 * 109.47335 * 179.97438 * 25 23 22 50 50 H 1.08997 * 109.47335 * 299.99813 * 25 23 22 51 51 H 1.08999 * 111.42569 * 316.88203 * 26 20 19 52 52 H 1.08993 * 111.42505 * 81.82823 * 26 20 19 53 53 H 1.08003 * 120.05421 * 179.74813 * 27 13 6 Note: An asterisk (*) indicates this parameter was or will be optimized. Cartesian coordinates (angstroms) NO. Atom X Y Z 1 6 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2 8 1.4290 0.0000 0.0000 3 6 2.0460 1.2107 0.0000 4 6 1.2909 2.3749 -0.0005 5 6 1.9177 3.6065 -0.0011 6 6 3.2973 3.6820 -0.0016 7 6 3.9776 5.0267 -0.0028 8 8 4.5046 5.2950 1.2981 9 14 2.7438 6.3466 -0.4572 10 1 1.6377 6.3523 0.5335 11 1 3.4144 7.6715 -0.4589 12 1 2.1961 6.0677 -1.8090 13 6 4.0570 2.5205 -0.0011 14 8 5.4139 2.5955 -0.0021 15 6 6.1318 1.3600 -0.0009 16 6 7.6128 1.6395 -0.0030 17 8 8.0138 2.7841 -0.0057 18 7 8.4914 0.6176 -0.0028 19 6 9.9311 0.8893 -0.0043 20 6 10.6998 -0.4335 0.0033 21 6 10.4570 -1.1743 -1.3198 22 6 11.4211 -2.3797 -1.4758 23 14 12.9159 -1.7934 -0.4726 24 6 13.2989 -2.9626 0.9264 25 6 14.4058 -1.5308 -1.5598 26 6 12.2237 -0.1481 0.1681 27 6 3.4306 1.2840 -0.0049 28 1 -0.3632 0.5138 -0.8900 29 1 -0.3633 -1.0277 -0.0005 30 1 -0.3633 0.5138 0.8900 31 1 0.2124 2.3183 -0.0005 32 1 1.3283 4.5114 -0.0019 33 1 4.7895 5.0224 -0.7299 34 1 3.8365 5.3139 1.9969 35 1 5.8695 0.7864 -0.8899 36 1 5.8708 0.7889 0.8900 37 1 8.1707 -0.2979 0.0027 38 1 10.1927 1.4566 -0.8975 39 1 10.1927 1.4667 0.8824 40 1 10.3544 -1.0497 0.8334 41 1 9.4283 -1.5342 -1.3442 42 1 10.6114 -0.4839 -2.1492 43 1 10.9906 -3.2836 -1.0448 44 1 11.6872 -2.5356 -2.5212 45 1 13.5196 -3.9512 0.5236 46 1 14.1621 -2.5949 1.4812 47 1 12.4389 -3.0256 1.5931 48 1 14.1777 -0.7763 -2.3127 49 1 15.2450 -1.1942 -0.9511 50 1 14.6662 -2.4679 -2.0518 51 1 12.5420 0.6875 -0.4553 52 1 12.4875 0.0150 1.2130 53 1 4.0201 0.3791 -0.0086 RHF calculation, no. of doubly occupied orbitals= 67 REFERENCES FOR PARAMETERS IN GAS-PHASE HAMILTONIAN: H: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) C: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) N: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) O: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) Si: (AM1): M.J.S.DEWAR, C. JIE, ORGANOMETALLICS, 6, 1486-1490 (1987). REFERENCE FOR CHARGE MODEL 2: J. Li, J. Xing, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, J. Chem. Phys. 111 (1999) 885. REFERENCE FOR THE PARAMETERIZATION OF THE SM5.42R SOLVATION MODEL: J. Li, T. Zhu, G. D. Hawkins, P. Winget, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, Theor. Chem. Acc. 103 (1999) 9-63 P. Winget, J. D. Thompson C. J. Cramer,and D. G. Truhlar, J. Phys. Chem. B. submitted. CHARGE=0 AM1 1SCF TLIMIT=15 GEO-OK SM5.42R & SOLVNT=GENORG IOFR=1.4345 ALPHA=0.00 BETA=0.00 GAMMA=38.93 & DIELEC=2.06 FACARB=0.00 FEHALO=0.00 DEV s_22_17310366_4974312.mol2 53 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED SCF FIELD WAS ACHIEVED Wall clock time and date at job start Tue Mar 9 2021 13:40:27 Heat of formation + Delta-G solvation = -162.157295 kcal Electronic energy + Delta-G solvation = -30796.896999 eV Core-core repulsion = 26564.564175 eV Total energy + Delta-G solvation = -4232.332824 eV No. of doubly occupied orbitals = 67 Molecular weight (most abundant/longest-lived isotopes) = 367.182 amu Computer time = 0.98 seconds Orbital eigenvalues (eV) -41.77271 -40.77866 -39.82493 -38.33108 -37.72003 -36.81101 -34.67358 -32.26910 -31.54124 -30.73099 -29.47380 -29.24898 -28.55853 -28.50609 -26.56773 -26.04001 -24.18083 -23.53051 -22.43661 -21.54717 -20.86072 -19.94654 -18.54525 -17.97418 -17.76863 -17.49115 -17.28516 -16.83669 -16.73746 -16.52889 -16.25887 -15.84063 -15.68709 -15.41766 -15.13450 -15.03433 -14.73837 -14.57966 -14.38413 -14.02106 -13.98032 -13.86404 -13.79532 -13.60164 -13.51893 -13.40088 -13.36741 -13.23071 -13.14991 -12.69763 -12.52058 -12.34025 -12.29674 -12.08941 -11.98088 -11.92000 -11.63933 -11.54432 -11.51458 -10.94534 -10.89724 -10.52223 -10.44398 -10.19100 -10.06823 -9.67255 -9.05254 0.22511 0.35356 1.26723 1.45191 1.48023 1.58934 1.60385 1.60847 1.79481 1.82673 2.00740 2.16804 2.47020 2.60507 2.64737 3.54509 3.65394 3.70440 3.73805 3.83902 3.90690 3.92998 3.95725 4.00006 4.03352 4.04893 4.14486 4.27221 4.39313 4.41336 4.42281 4.44682 4.51358 4.53166 4.63804 4.65815 4.67964 4.68844 4.72340 4.79701 4.88979 4.98114 5.05921 5.06476 5.18375 5.24853 5.29047 5.30163 5.36236 5.39835 5.45712 5.46807 5.48144 6.14473 6.33368 6.44907 6.79789 7.20005 Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions calculated with CM2 Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C 0.025 3.975 2 O -0.315 6.315 3 C 0.174 3.826 4 C -0.239 4.239 5 C -0.048 4.048 6 C -0.185 4.185 7 C -0.065 4.065 8 O -0.531 6.531 9 Si 0.948 3.052 10 H -0.253 1.253 11 H -0.252 1.252 12 H -0.250 1.250 13 C 0.195 3.805 14 O -0.270 6.270 15 C 0.036 3.964 16 C 0.514 3.486 17 O -0.508 6.508 18 N -0.729 5.729 19 C 0.129 3.871 20 C -0.098 4.098 21 C -0.112 4.112 22 C -0.399 4.399 23 Si 0.968 3.032 24 C -0.443 4.443 25 C -0.443 4.443 26 C -0.391 4.391 27 C -0.247 4.247 28 H 0.059 0.941 29 H 0.103 0.897 30 H 0.059 0.941 31 H 0.134 0.866 32 H 0.134 0.866 33 H 0.117 0.883 34 H 0.370 0.630 35 H 0.095 0.905 36 H 0.095 0.905 37 H 0.401 0.599 38 H 0.071 0.929 39 H 0.071 0.929 40 H 0.080 0.920 41 H 0.061 0.939 42 H 0.065 0.935 43 H 0.076 0.924 44 H 0.078 0.922 45 H 0.070 0.930 46 H 0.069 0.931 47 H 0.070 0.930 48 H 0.071 0.929 49 H 0.069 0.931 50 H 0.069 0.931 51 H 0.083 0.917 52 H 0.081 0.919 53 H 0.139 0.861 For the charges calculated by CM2: Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -1.979 -5.758 -0.140 6.090 Note: The Mulliken population analysis charges presented below were not used in the solvation calculation but are provided for completeness. The chosen solvation model uses CM2 partial charges for calculating solvation energies. Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions using Mulliken population analysis Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C -0.069 4.069 2 O -0.228 6.228 3 C 0.128 3.872 4 C -0.258 4.258 5 C -0.066 4.066 6 C -0.186 4.186 7 C -0.176 4.176 8 O -0.335 6.335 9 Si 0.771 3.229 10 H -0.177 1.177 11 H -0.176 1.176 12 H -0.173 1.173 13 C 0.148 3.852 14 O -0.181 6.181 15 C -0.043 4.043 16 C 0.298 3.702 17 O -0.382 6.382 18 N -0.384 5.384 19 C 0.006 3.994 20 C -0.116 4.116 21 C -0.150 4.150 22 C -0.485 4.485 23 Si 1.166 2.834 24 C -0.551 4.551 25 C -0.552 4.552 26 C -0.477 4.477 27 C -0.267 4.267 28 H 0.077 0.923 29 H 0.121 0.879 30 H 0.077 0.923 31 H 0.152 0.848 32 H 0.151 0.849 33 H 0.135 0.865 34 H 0.216 0.784 35 H 0.113 0.887 36 H 0.113 0.887 37 H 0.235 0.765 38 H 0.089 0.911 39 H 0.090 0.910 40 H 0.098 0.902 41 H 0.079 0.921 42 H 0.084 0.916 43 H 0.094 0.906 44 H 0.097 0.903 45 H 0.089 0.911 46 H 0.089 0.911 47 H 0.089 0.911 48 H 0.090 0.910 49 H 0.089 0.911 50 H 0.088 0.912 51 H 0.102 0.898 52 H 0.100 0.900 53 H 0.156 0.844 Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -1.466 -4.269 -0.706 4.568 hybrid contribution -0.893 -1.120 0.389 1.484 sum -2.358 -5.388 -0.318 5.891 Atomic orbital electron populations 1.23143 0.77639 1.04405 1.01753 1.86071 1.21987 1.26677 1.88021 1.18682 0.91471 0.84348 0.92711 1.21100 1.00410 0.91785 1.12501 1.20745 0.92775 0.97865 0.95190 1.19548 0.92651 0.94665 1.11722 1.24776 1.05914 0.97363 0.89540 1.86617 1.37316 1.93577 1.15973 0.85790 0.77391 0.78775 0.80982 1.17736 1.17592 1.17325 1.18375 0.82067 0.92338 0.92402 1.86271 1.14606 1.29624 1.87626 1.22536 0.90494 0.87076 1.04146 1.19982 0.87280 0.85703 0.77234 1.90805 1.79747 1.20812 1.46817 1.45907 1.06903 1.09072 1.76483 1.21520 0.77805 0.97175 1.02875 1.21885 0.95639 0.95494 0.98620 1.21779 0.99743 0.96585 0.96847 1.26498 1.13044 1.00434 1.08545 0.80503 0.67620 0.67703 0.67587 1.26027 1.05212 1.10608 1.13253 1.26026 1.14464 1.04832 1.09839 1.26764 0.98950 1.15647 1.06368 1.20405 0.92892 0.97393 1.15963 0.92260 0.87874 0.92259 0.84818 0.84884 0.86495 0.78434 0.88723 0.88678 0.76457 0.91077 0.91038 0.90203 0.92063 0.91600 0.90555 0.90321 0.91120 0.91137 0.91116 0.91026 0.91135 0.91186 0.89799 0.89997 0.84364 Number of geometries 1 Number of calculations of the screened coulomb radii 1 The total number of SCF iterations 13. Note: The number of geometries may not correspond to the number of cycles due to rejected geometry changes. In the following table subtotal= G_P + SS G_CDS. Atom Chem. CM2 G_P Area Sigma k SS G_CDS Subtotal M number symbol chg. (kcal) (Ang**2) cal/(Ang**2) (kcal) (kcal) value 1 C 0.03 -0.05 9.81 101.05 0.99 0.94 16 2 O -0.31 -0.39 10.49 -19.39 -0.20 -0.59 16 3 C 0.17 0.29 6.68 -39.23 -0.26 0.03 16 4 C -0.24 -0.17 9.04 -39.41 -0.36 -0.53 16 5 C -0.05 -0.05 8.65 -39.62 -0.34 -0.39 16 6 C -0.18 -0.44 5.27 -104.45 -0.55 -0.99 16 7 C -0.07 -0.15 2.37 36.01 0.09 -0.07 16 8 O -0.53 -1.78 12.88 -35.23 -0.45 -2.24 16 9 Si 0.95 0.75 25.49 -169.99 -4.33 -3.58 16 10 H -0.25 0.00 6.73 56.52 0.38 0.38 16 11 H -0.25 -0.60 7.11 56.52 0.40 -0.20 16 12 H -0.25 -0.29 7.11 56.52 0.40 0.11 16 13 C 0.20 0.55 6.66 -39.24 -0.26 0.29 16 14 O -0.27 -1.04 9.00 -39.33 -0.35 -1.40 16 15 C 0.04 0.01 5.22 36.01 0.19 0.20 16 16 C 0.51 1.27 7.91 -10.98 -0.09 1.18 16 17 O -0.51 -3.86 16.50 -14.35 -0.24 -4.09 16 18 N -0.73 0.53 5.37 -60.29 -0.32 0.21 16 19 C 0.13 -0.02 5.05 -4.04 -0.02 -0.04 16 20 C -0.10 0.22 2.19 -88.77 -0.19 0.03 16 21 C -0.11 0.26 5.16 -25.30 -0.13 0.13 16 22 C -0.40 1.03 5.85 38.29 0.22 1.25 16 23 Si 0.97 -3.37 13.36 -169.99 -2.27 -5.64 16 24 C -0.44 1.03 8.65 101.05 0.87 1.90 16 25 C -0.44 0.89 8.65 101.05 0.87 1.77 16 26 C -0.39 0.94 5.29 38.71 0.20 1.14 16 27 C -0.25 -0.40 8.97 -39.29 -0.35 -0.75 16 28 H 0.06 -0.17 7.66 -51.93 -0.40 -0.57 16 29 H 0.10 -0.38 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.80 16 30 H 0.06 -0.17 7.66 -51.93 -0.40 -0.57 16 31 H 0.13 -0.19 6.29 -52.49 -0.33 -0.52 16 32 H 0.13 -0.10 4.88 -52.49 -0.26 -0.35 16 33 H 0.12 0.37 7.82 -51.93 -0.41 -0.03 16 34 H 0.37 -0.20 8.70 45.56 0.40 0.20 16 35 H 0.09 -0.21 7.65 -51.93 -0.40 -0.61 16 36 H 0.10 -0.19 7.67 -51.93 -0.40 -0.59 16 37 H 0.40 -1.51 7.84 -40.82 -0.32 -1.83 16 38 H 0.07 0.07 8.07 -51.93 -0.42 -0.35 16 39 H 0.07 0.08 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.34 16 40 H 0.08 -0.24 8.13 -51.93 -0.42 -0.66 16 41 H 0.06 -0.17 7.55 -51.92 -0.39 -0.56 16 42 H 0.07 -0.11 8.04 -51.93 -0.42 -0.52 16 43 H 0.08 -0.20 8.04 -51.93 -0.42 -0.62 16 44 H 0.08 -0.18 8.04 -51.93 -0.42 -0.59 16 45 H 0.07 -0.15 7.96 -51.93 -0.41 -0.56 16 46 H 0.07 -0.15 7.96 -51.93 -0.41 -0.56 16 47 H 0.07 -0.16 7.96 -51.93 -0.41 -0.57 16 48 H 0.07 -0.12 7.96 -51.93 -0.41 -0.54 16 49 H 0.07 -0.13 7.96 -51.93 -0.41 -0.54 16 50 H 0.07 -0.13 7.96 -51.93 -0.41 -0.55 16 51 H 0.08 -0.17 8.03 -51.93 -0.42 -0.59 16 52 H 0.08 -0.20 8.06 -51.93 -0.42 -0.62 16 53 H 0.14 -0.05 6.30 -52.48 -0.33 -0.38 16 LS Contribution 425.95 15.07 6.42 6.42 Total: 0.00 -9.60 425.95 -9.17 -18.77 By element: Atomic # 1 Polarization: -5.65 SS G_CDS: -8.30 Total: -13.96 kcal Atomic # 6 Polarization: 5.21 SS G_CDS: 0.88 Total: 6.09 kcal Atomic # 7 Polarization: 0.53 SS G_CDS: -0.32 Total: 0.21 kcal Atomic # 8 Polarization: -7.07 SS G_CDS: -1.25 Total: -8.32 kcal Atomic # 14 Polarization: -2.61 SS G_CDS: -6.60 Total: -9.22 kcal Total LS contribution 6.42 Total: 6.42 kcal Total: -9.60 -9.17 -18.77 kcal The number of atoms in the molecule is 53 The average number of expansion shells was 16.00 The maximum number of expansion shells was 16 The minimum number of expansion shells was 16 **** NOTA BENE **** This is the net solvation energy for this exact molecular structure (nuclear and electronic)! The standard-state solvation energy should be obtained as the difference between the heat of formation plus delta-G solvation for the relaxed solvated system and that for the relaxed gas-phase system. s_22_17310366_4974312.mol2 53 1SCF run This is a breakdown of the solvation energy calculated without geometric relaxation in solution: (1) E-EN(sol) electronic-nuclear energy of solute -143.383 kcal (2) G-P(sol) polarization free energy of solvation -9.600 kcal (3) G-ENP(sol) elect.-nuc.-pol. free energy of system -152.983 kcal (4) G-CDS(sol) cavity-dispersion-solvent structure free energy -9.175 kcal (5) G-P-CDS(sol) = G-P(sol) + G-CDS(sol) = (2) + (4) -18.774 kcal (6) G-S(sol) free energy of system = (1) + (5) -162.157 kcal 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED Total computer time = 0.98 seconds