Wall clock time and date at job start Tue Mar 31 2020 05:45:21 AMSOL-version 7.1 by G. D. Hawkins, D. J. Giesen, G. C. Lynch, C. C. Chambers, I. Rossi, J. W. Storer, J. Li, J. D. Thompson, P. Winget, B. J. Lynch, D. Rinaldi, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar Copyright 2004 by Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Notice: recipients of this code are asked to comply with the user agreement in Section 1 of the documentation file. ******************************************************************************* * 1SCF - SCF CALCULATION WITHOUT GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION * - USE EF ROUTINE FOR MINIMUM SEARCH (DEFAULT) * GEO-OK - OVERRIDE INTERATOMIC DISTANCE CHECK * TLIMIT= - A TIME OF 15. SECONDS REQUESTED * CHARGE - CHARGE ON SYSTEM= -1 * AM1 - THE AM1 HAMILTONIAN TO BE USED * DEV - DEVELOPER OPTIONS ARE ALLOWED * SM5.42R - SM5.42R CALCULATIONS WILL BE PERFORMED * - CHARGE MODEL 2 WILL BE USED (CM2A) * - THE SOLVENT IS USER-SPECIFIED * DIELEC - THE SOLVENT DIELECTRIC CONSTANT IS 2.06 * IOFR - THE SOLVENT INDEX OF REFRACTION IS 1.4345 * ALPHA - THE SOLVENT ALPHA IS 0.00 * BETA - THE SOLVENT BETA IS 0.00 * GAMMA - THE SOLVENT MACROSCOPIC SURFACE TENSION IS * 38.93 CAL MOL^-1 ANGSTROM^-2 * FACARB - THE FRACTION OF AROMATIC CARBONS IS 0.00 * FEHALO - THE FRACTION OF ELECTRONEGATIVE HALOGENS IS 0.00 ******************************************************************************* Atom NO. Chemical Bond length Bond angle Dihedral angle number (k) symbol (angstroms) (degrees) (degrees) (I) NA:I NB:NA:I NC:NB:NA:I NA NB NC 1 1 C 2 2 O 1.42902 * 1 3 3 C 1.35895 * 117.00283 * 2 1 4 4 C 1.38727 * 120.05866 * 179.97438 * 3 2 1 5 5 C 1.38149 * 119.94592 * 180.02562 * 4 3 2 6 6 C 1.38264 * 120.05396 * 0.02562 * 5 4 3 7 7 C 1.50697 * 119.94310 * 179.97438 * 6 5 4 8 8 C 1.53006 * 109.47021 * 90.00444 * 7 6 5 9 9 N 1.46898 * 109.46995 * 179.97438 * 8 7 6 10 10 C 1.46904 * 110.99959 * 179.97438 * 9 8 7 11 11 C 1.50699 * 109.46880 * 180.02562 * 10 9 8 12 12 C 1.34235 * 126.49813 * 260.01963 * 11 10 9 13 13 N 1.36835 * 109.92997 * 180.02562 * 12 11 10 14 14 C 1.46497 * 125.06450 * 179.74136 * 13 12 11 15 15 C 1.50698 * 109.47017 * 265.02050 * 14 13 12 16 16 H 1.08003 * 120.00067 * 0.02562 * 15 14 13 17 17 C 1.37884 * 120.00117 * 179.97438 * 15 14 13 18 18 N 1.31513 * 119.99664 * 0.02562 * 17 15 14 19 19 Si 1.86798 * 119.99714 * 180.02562 * 17 15 14 20 20 H 1.48494 * 109.47439 * 359.97438 * 19 17 15 21 21 H 1.48501 * 109.46902 * 120.00650 * 19 17 15 22 22 H 1.48503 * 109.46902 * 239.99708 * 19 17 15 23 23 C 1.37681 * 109.87094 * 0.02562 * 13 12 11 24 24 C 1.39133 * 133.50631 * 179.97438 * 23 13 12 25 25 C 1.37740 * 119.77988 * 179.97438 * 24 23 13 26 26 C 1.38832 * 120.66938 * 0.04294 * 25 24 23 27 27 C 1.36624 * 120.52378 * 359.97438 * 26 25 24 28 28 C 1.39626 * 119.76783 * 0.02562 * 27 26 25 29 29 C 1.38263 * 120.11489 * 0.25531 * 6 5 4 30 30 C 1.38150 * 120.04891 * 359.44900 * 29 6 5 31 31 H 1.09001 * 109.46737 * 59.99999 * 1 2 3 32 32 H 1.09004 * 109.47155 * 180.02562 * 1 2 3 33 33 H 1.08999 * 109.47141 * 300.00065 * 1 2 3 34 34 H 1.08002 * 120.02684 * 0.02562 * 4 3 2 35 35 H 1.08002 * 119.96967 * 180.02562 * 5 4 3 36 36 H 1.09001 * 109.47411 * 330.00564 * 7 6 5 37 37 H 1.08995 * 109.47225 * 210.00679 * 7 6 5 38 38 H 1.08995 * 109.47180 * 60.00189 * 8 7 6 39 39 H 1.08997 * 109.46614 * 299.99931 * 8 7 6 40 40 H 1.00895 * 110.99973 * 303.95613 * 9 8 7 41 41 H 1.09003 * 109.46741 * 59.99976 * 10 9 8 42 42 H 1.09001 * 109.47136 * 300.00184 * 10 9 8 43 43 H 1.07997 * 125.04065 * 359.97438 * 12 11 10 44 44 H 1.09000 * 109.47142 * 25.02148 * 14 13 12 45 45 H 1.09000 * 109.46982 * 145.02302 * 14 13 12 46 46 H 0.96999 * 119.99317 * 179.97438 * 18 17 15 47 47 H 1.08004 * 120.10731 * 0.02562 * 24 23 13 48 48 H 1.08006 * 119.66468 * 180.02562 * 25 24 23 49 49 H 1.07998 * 119.74050 * 179.97438 * 26 25 24 50 50 H 1.08006 * 120.11161 * 180.02562 * 27 26 25 51 51 H 1.07998 * 119.97766 * 179.70225 * 29 6 5 52 52 H 1.08004 * 120.02579 * 180.24897 * 30 29 6 Note: An asterisk (*) indicates this parameter was or will be optimized. Cartesian coordinates (angstroms) NO. Atom X Y Z 1 6 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2 8 1.4290 0.0000 0.0000 3 6 2.0460 1.2108 0.0000 4 6 3.4313 1.2848 0.0005 5 6 4.0562 2.5169 0.0011 6 6 3.3020 3.6757 0.0016 7 6 3.9862 5.0184 0.0028 8 6 4.2181 5.4739 -1.4394 9 7 4.8845 6.7830 -1.4383 10 6 5.1244 7.2528 -2.8093 11 6 5.8083 8.5951 -2.7679 12 6 5.2261 9.7932 -2.9333 13 7 6.1630 10.7852 -2.8300 14 6 5.8892 12.2183 -2.9618 15 6 6.1551 12.6522 -4.3803 16 1 6.4937 11.9322 -5.1107 17 6 5.9651 13.9680 -4.7459 18 7 5.5524 14.8445 -3.8566 19 14 6.2940 14.5055 -6.5044 20 1 6.7468 13.3379 -7.3025 21 1 5.0477 15.0561 -7.0950 22 1 7.3496 15.5500 -6.5135 23 6 7.4022 10.2354 -2.5902 24 6 8.6708 10.7765 -2.4064 25 6 9.7435 9.9431 -2.1783 26 6 9.5729 8.5661 -2.1305 27 6 8.3361 8.0135 -2.3086 28 6 7.2347 8.8396 -2.5412 29 6 1.9212 3.6048 0.0069 30 6 1.2916 2.3751 0.0002 31 1 -0.3633 0.5138 -0.8900 32 1 -0.3634 -1.0277 0.0005 33 1 -0.3633 0.5138 0.8900 34 1 4.0209 0.3798 0.0005 35 1 5.1346 2.5749 0.0011 36 1 4.9440 4.9378 0.5168 37 1 3.3581 5.7458 0.5170 38 1 3.2604 5.5546 -1.9534 39 1 4.8463 4.7464 -1.9535 40 1 4.3520 7.4593 -0.9119 41 1 4.1731 7.3453 -3.3333 42 1 5.7594 6.5379 -3.3325 43 1 4.1743 9.9510 -3.1209 44 1 4.8465 12.4136 -2.7115 45 1 6.5361 12.7756 -2.2842 46 1 5.4191 15.7702 -4.1138 47 1 8.8138 11.8464 -2.4416 48 1 10.7274 10.3651 -2.0354 49 1 10.4245 7.9266 -1.9510 50 1 8.2109 6.9415 -2.2697 51 1 1.3343 4.5114 0.0122 52 1 0.2130 2.3201 0.0003 RHF calculation, no. of doubly occupied orbitals= 68 REFERENCES FOR PARAMETERS IN GAS-PHASE HAMILTONIAN: H: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) C: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) N: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) O: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) Si: (AM1): M.J.S.DEWAR, C. JIE, ORGANOMETALLICS, 6, 1486-1490 (1987). REFERENCE FOR CHARGE MODEL 2: J. Li, J. Xing, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, J. Chem. Phys. 111 (1999) 885. REFERENCE FOR THE PARAMETERIZATION OF THE SM5.42R SOLVATION MODEL: J. Li, T. Zhu, G. D. Hawkins, P. Winget, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, Theor. Chem. Acc. 103 (1999) 9-63 P. Winget, J. D. Thompson C. J. Cramer,and D. G. Truhlar, J. Phys. Chem. B. submitted. CHARGE=-1 AM1 1SCF TLIMIT=15 GEO-OK SM5.42R & SOLVNT=GENORG IOFR=1.4345 ALPHA=0.00 BETA=0.00 GAMMA=38.93 & DIELEC=2.06 FACARB=0.00 FEHALO=0.00 DEV ZINC000006787655.mol2 52 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED SCF FIELD WAS ACHIEVED Wall clock time and date at job start Tue Mar 31 2020 05:45:21 Heat of formation + Delta-G solvation = 36.247593 kcal Electronic energy + Delta-G solvation = -30273.001986 eV Core-core repulsion = 26202.468180 eV Total energy + Delta-G solvation = -4070.533806 eV No. of doubly occupied orbitals = 68 Molecular weight (most abundant/longest-lived isotopes) = 364.189 amu Computer time = 1.52 seconds Orbital eigenvalues (eV) -40.58013 -40.45469 -38.21871 -36.52417 -36.18818 -33.65927 -32.74870 -31.46274 -31.27844 -29.55786 -29.01456 -28.19100 -27.51625 -26.44769 -24.40822 -23.01843 -22.85946 -22.43921 -21.80131 -21.06798 -20.47079 -18.81112 -18.48504 -16.76807 -16.66278 -16.25616 -16.10745 -15.84965 -15.79375 -15.36770 -14.84879 -14.79170 -14.55585 -14.24912 -14.22507 -13.90895 -13.71985 -13.52001 -13.27852 -13.10358 -13.00811 -12.78252 -12.38481 -12.32747 -12.07271 -12.04726 -11.65198 -11.59327 -11.41640 -11.33142 -11.19725 -11.08123 -11.01737 -10.90570 -10.74245 -10.71100 -10.35382 -10.04665 -9.63108 -9.29677 -8.84388 -8.69490 -8.37422 -8.28071 -7.45261 -6.86389 -6.27912 -4.38609 1.04780 1.11770 1.80455 2.33122 2.91321 3.16336 3.23995 3.27035 3.32494 3.45796 3.87242 4.26579 4.34804 4.44160 4.55601 4.62340 4.68714 4.72633 4.89440 4.96033 5.03231 5.03679 5.07554 5.14415 5.22465 5.32348 5.34472 5.42355 5.52512 5.55134 5.59296 5.68083 5.70722 5.81792 5.88376 5.94105 5.97795 6.01250 6.06671 6.20352 6.33456 6.41334 6.44657 6.47466 6.48745 6.67622 6.84895 6.97257 7.04712 7.11583 7.16020 7.23846 7.48501 7.51673 7.58782 7.63553 7.85598 8.12494 8.18822 8.70598 9.29381 10.76929 Molecular weight = 364.19amu Principal moments of inertia in cm(-1) A = 0.013967 B = 0.001580 C = 0.001464 Principal moments of inertia in units of 10**(-40)*gram-cm**2 A = 2004.192299 B =17718.541140 C =19124.916846 Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions calculated with CM2 Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C 0.028 3.972 2 O -0.320 6.320 3 C 0.118 3.882 4 C -0.150 4.150 5 C -0.075 4.075 6 C -0.113 4.113 7 C -0.075 4.075 8 C 0.065 3.935 9 N -0.685 5.685 10 C 0.147 3.853 11 C -0.209 4.209 12 C 0.079 3.921 13 N -0.450 5.450 14 C 0.236 3.764 15 C -0.540 4.540 16 H 0.065 0.935 17 C 0.065 3.935 18 N -0.891 5.891 19 Si 0.903 3.097 20 H -0.271 1.271 21 H -0.281 1.281 22 H -0.280 1.280 23 C 0.104 3.896 24 C -0.112 4.112 25 C -0.119 4.119 26 C -0.160 4.160 27 C -0.073 4.073 28 C -0.094 4.094 29 C -0.077 4.077 30 C -0.207 4.207 31 H 0.055 0.945 32 H 0.099 0.901 33 H 0.055 0.945 34 H 0.129 0.871 35 H 0.131 0.869 36 H 0.081 0.919 37 H 0.069 0.931 38 H 0.026 0.974 39 H 0.071 0.929 40 H 0.340 0.660 41 H 0.029 0.971 42 H 0.071 0.929 43 H 0.155 0.845 44 H 0.046 0.954 45 H 0.044 0.956 46 H 0.267 0.733 47 H 0.119 0.881 48 H 0.114 0.886 49 H 0.110 0.890 50 H 0.111 0.889 51 H 0.124 0.876 52 H 0.126 0.874 For the charges calculated by CM2: Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -6.930 -24.444 8.526 26.800 Note: The Mulliken population analysis charges presented below were not used in the solvation calculation but are provided for completeness. The chosen solvation model uses CM2 partial charges for calculating solvation energies. Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions using Mulliken population analysis Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C -0.068 4.068 2 O -0.234 6.234 3 C 0.073 3.927 4 C -0.168 4.168 5 C -0.093 4.093 6 C -0.113 4.113 7 C -0.113 4.113 8 C -0.065 4.065 9 N -0.316 5.316 10 C 0.019 3.981 11 C -0.217 4.217 12 C -0.053 4.053 13 N -0.127 5.127 14 C 0.117 3.883 15 C -0.578 4.578 16 H 0.083 0.917 17 C -0.138 4.138 18 N -0.529 5.529 19 Si 0.730 3.270 20 H -0.195 1.195 21 H -0.207 1.207 22 H -0.206 1.206 23 C -0.005 4.005 24 C -0.132 4.132 25 C -0.139 4.139 26 C -0.180 4.180 27 C -0.091 4.091 28 C -0.098 4.098 29 C -0.095 4.095 30 C -0.225 4.225 31 H 0.074 0.926 32 H 0.117 0.883 33 H 0.073 0.927 34 H 0.147 0.853 35 H 0.149 0.851 36 H 0.100 0.900 37 H 0.088 0.912 38 H 0.044 0.956 39 H 0.089 0.911 40 H 0.158 0.842 41 H 0.048 0.952 42 H 0.090 0.910 43 H 0.173 0.827 44 H 0.064 0.936 45 H 0.062 0.938 46 H 0.077 0.923 47 H 0.137 0.863 48 H 0.132 0.868 49 H 0.128 0.872 50 H 0.129 0.871 51 H 0.142 0.858 52 H 0.144 0.856 Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -6.372 -24.316 8.577 26.560 hybrid contribution -1.168 0.986 -1.268 1.986 sum -7.539 -23.330 7.308 25.584 Atomic orbital electron populations 1.23047 0.78431 1.03893 1.01380 1.86061 1.21361 1.27103 1.88864 1.19047 0.92434 0.84090 0.97107 1.20438 0.91321 0.98735 1.06355 1.20927 1.00057 0.90887 0.97418 1.19819 0.93435 0.95403 1.02679 1.20520 1.00856 0.92587 0.97326 1.21918 0.96743 0.92166 0.95639 1.60525 1.52222 1.03901 1.14967 1.19969 0.97089 0.92585 0.88480 1.19744 0.92177 0.93087 1.16688 1.21579 0.94834 0.86976 1.01902 1.44737 1.04572 1.08436 1.54966 1.19683 0.98291 0.71915 0.98389 1.21426 1.46861 0.94801 0.94760 0.91657 1.24950 0.94455 0.96143 0.98245 1.69932 1.45296 1.03562 1.34092 0.86341 0.78108 0.78781 0.83742 1.19504 1.20681 1.20608 1.18281 0.87244 0.92078 1.02914 1.20126 0.89903 0.99791 1.03384 1.20635 0.97474 0.93349 1.02443 1.20429 0.96744 0.94793 1.05997 1.20063 0.91222 0.98372 0.99463 1.18918 0.93061 0.91885 1.05983 1.20873 0.94097 0.96998 0.97553 1.21218 0.99940 0.92396 1.08968 0.92635 0.88284 0.92676 0.85277 0.85093 0.90001 0.91203 0.95601 0.91089 0.84165 0.95246 0.91021 0.82728 0.93631 0.93812 0.92343 0.86335 0.86812 0.87230 0.87071 0.85819 0.85630 Number of geometries 1 Number of calculations of the screened coulomb radii 1 The total number of SCF iterations 14. Note: The number of geometries may not correspond to the number of cycles due to rejected geometry changes. In the following table subtotal= G_P + SS G_CDS. Atom Chem. CM2 G_P Area Sigma k SS G_CDS Subtotal M number symbol chg. (kcal) (Ang**2) cal/(Ang**2) (kcal) (kcal) value 1 C 0.03 0.14 9.81 101.05 0.99 1.13 16 2 O -0.32 -2.85 10.50 -19.41 -0.20 -3.05 16 3 C 0.12 1.11 6.69 -39.22 -0.26 0.84 16 4 C -0.15 -1.35 9.99 -39.43 -0.39 -1.75 16 5 C -0.07 -0.65 9.69 -39.60 -0.38 -1.03 16 6 C -0.11 -1.00 5.13 -104.60 -0.54 -1.54 16 7 C -0.08 -0.66 5.60 -27.88 -0.16 -0.82 16 8 C 0.06 0.65 5.67 -3.82 -0.02 0.62 16 9 N -0.68 -8.33 6.49 -115.05 -0.75 -9.08 16 10 C 0.15 2.02 6.22 -4.97 -0.03 1.99 16 11 C -0.21 -3.63 5.83 -102.71 -0.60 -4.23 16 12 C 0.08 1.48 11.19 -16.73 -0.19 1.29 16 13 N -0.45 -9.85 2.76 -115.71 -0.32 -10.17 16 14 C 0.24 5.80 5.75 -5.20 -0.03 5.77 16 15 C -0.54 -14.53 9.39 -34.44 -0.32 -14.85 16 16 H 0.07 1.82 7.81 -52.48 -0.41 1.41 16 17 C 0.07 1.76 5.46 -17.82 -0.10 1.66 16 18 N -0.89 -24.79 13.29 55.43 0.74 -24.05 16 19 Si 0.90 20.87 29.54 -169.99 -5.02 15.85 16 20 H -0.27 -6.27 7.11 56.52 0.40 -5.87 16 21 H -0.28 -6.39 7.11 56.52 0.40 -5.99 16 22 H -0.28 -6.41 7.11 56.52 0.40 -6.00 16 23 C 0.10 2.20 6.81 -83.99 -0.57 1.62 16 24 C -0.11 -2.22 10.00 -39.43 -0.39 -2.62 16 25 C -0.12 -2.02 10.01 -39.54 -0.40 -2.42 16 26 C -0.16 -2.57 9.97 -39.94 -0.40 -2.96 16 27 C -0.07 -1.23 10.05 -39.65 -0.40 -1.63 16 28 C -0.09 -1.79 6.35 -105.14 -0.67 -2.46 16 29 C -0.08 -0.66 9.69 -39.60 -0.38 -1.04 16 30 C -0.21 -1.74 9.04 -39.43 -0.36 -2.10 16 31 H 0.06 0.24 7.66 -51.93 -0.40 -0.15 16 32 H 0.10 0.31 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.11 16 33 H 0.05 0.23 7.66 -51.93 -0.40 -0.16 16 34 H 0.13 1.00 8.06 -52.49 -0.42 0.57 16 35 H 0.13 0.94 8.06 -52.49 -0.42 0.52 16 36 H 0.08 0.75 8.08 -51.93 -0.42 0.33 16 37 H 0.07 0.58 8.08 -51.93 -0.42 0.17 16 38 H 0.03 0.26 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.16 16 39 H 0.07 0.73 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.31 16 40 H 0.34 4.08 8.72 -39.29 -0.34 3.73 16 41 H 0.03 0.38 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.05 16 42 H 0.07 0.98 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.56 16 43 H 0.16 2.54 8.06 -52.49 -0.42 2.12 16 44 H 0.05 1.14 8.12 -51.93 -0.42 0.72 16 45 H 0.04 1.14 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.71 16 46 H 0.27 7.00 8.31 -40.82 -0.34 6.66 16 47 H 0.12 2.39 8.06 -52.48 -0.42 1.97 16 48 H 0.11 1.61 8.06 -52.48 -0.42 1.19 16 49 H 0.11 1.43 8.06 -52.49 -0.42 1.01 16 50 H 0.11 1.67 8.06 -52.48 -0.42 1.25 16 51 H 0.12 0.89 8.06 -52.49 -0.42 0.46 16 52 H 0.13 0.81 6.30 -52.48 -0.33 0.48 16 LS Contribution 436.30 15.07 6.57 6.57 Total: -1.00 -30.00 436.30 -12.77 -42.77 By element: Atomic # 1 Polarization: 13.86 SS G_CDS: -8.19 Total: 5.67 kcal Atomic # 6 Polarization: -18.91 SS G_CDS: -5.60 Total: -24.51 kcal Atomic # 7 Polarization: -42.97 SS G_CDS: -0.33 Total: -43.30 kcal Atomic # 8 Polarization: -2.85 SS G_CDS: -0.20 Total: -3.05 kcal Atomic # 14 Polarization: 20.87 SS G_CDS: -5.02 Total: 15.85 kcal Total LS contribution 6.57 Total: 6.57 kcal Total: -30.00 -12.77 -42.77 kcal The number of atoms in the molecule is 52 The average number of expansion shells was 16.00 The maximum number of expansion shells was 16 The minimum number of expansion shells was 16 **** NOTA BENE **** This is the net solvation energy for this exact molecular structure (nuclear and electronic)! The standard-state solvation energy should be obtained as the difference between the heat of formation plus delta-G solvation for the relaxed solvated system and that for the relaxed gas-phase system. ZINC000006787655.mol2 52 1SCF run This is a breakdown of the solvation energy calculated without geometric relaxation in solution: (1) E-EN(sol) electronic-nuclear energy of solute 79.021 kcal (2) G-P(sol) polarization free energy of solvation -30.002 kcal (3) G-ENP(sol) elect.-nuc.-pol. free energy of system 49.019 kcal (4) G-CDS(sol) cavity-dispersion-solvent structure free energy -12.772 kcal (5) G-P-CDS(sol) = G-P(sol) + G-CDS(sol) = (2) + (4) -42.774 kcal (6) G-S(sol) free energy of system = (1) + (5) 36.248 kcal 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED Total computer time = 1.52 seconds