Wall clock time and date at job start Tue Mar 31 2020 19:28:31 AMSOL-version 7.1 by G. D. Hawkins, D. J. Giesen, G. C. Lynch, C. C. Chambers, I. Rossi, J. W. Storer, J. Li, J. D. Thompson, P. Winget, B. J. Lynch, D. Rinaldi, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar Copyright 2004 by Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Notice: recipients of this code are asked to comply with the user agreement in Section 1 of the documentation file. ******************************************************************************* * 1SCF - SCF CALCULATION WITHOUT GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION * - USE EF ROUTINE FOR MINIMUM SEARCH (DEFAULT) * GEO-OK - OVERRIDE INTERATOMIC DISTANCE CHECK * TLIMIT= - A TIME OF 15. SECONDS REQUESTED * CHARGE - CHARGE ON SYSTEM= -1 * AM1 - THE AM1 HAMILTONIAN TO BE USED * DEV - DEVELOPER OPTIONS ARE ALLOWED * SM5.42R - SM5.42R CALCULATIONS WILL BE PERFORMED * - CHARGE MODEL 2 WILL BE USED (CM2A) * - THE SOLVENT IS USER-SPECIFIED * DIELEC - THE SOLVENT DIELECTRIC CONSTANT IS 2.06 * IOFR - THE SOLVENT INDEX OF REFRACTION IS 1.4345 * ALPHA - THE SOLVENT ALPHA IS 0.00 * BETA - THE SOLVENT BETA IS 0.00 * GAMMA - THE SOLVENT MACROSCOPIC SURFACE TENSION IS * 38.93 CAL MOL^-1 ANGSTROM^-2 * FACARB - THE FRACTION OF AROMATIC CARBONS IS 0.00 * FEHALO - THE FRACTION OF ELECTRONEGATIVE HALOGENS IS 0.00 ******************************************************************************* Atom NO. Chemical Bond length Bond angle Dihedral angle number (k) symbol (angstroms) (degrees) (degrees) (I) NA:I NB:NA:I NC:NB:NA:I NA NB NC 1 1 C 2 2 C 1.52993 * 1 3 3 C 1.53000 * 109.47347 * 2 1 4 4 C 1.53002 * 109.47215 * 180.02562 * 3 2 1 5 5 H 1.09001 * 109.47796 * 305.02453 * 4 3 2 6 6 C 1.53091 * 109.48045 * 185.00191 * 4 3 2 7 7 C 1.53176 * 109.16510 * 182.39574 * 6 4 3 8 8 H 1.08997 * 109.54398 * 297.02833 * 7 6 4 9 9 C 1.50693 * 109.54751 * 176.84748 * 7 6 4 10 10 O 1.21281 * 119.99961 * 272.67651 * 9 7 6 11 11 N 1.34776 * 119.99998 * 92.67466 * 9 7 6 12 12 C 1.47169 * 120.71052 * 184.52991 * 11 9 7 13 13 C 1.53882 * 108.03456 * 132.78106 * 12 11 9 14 14 H 1.08995 * 112.09606 * 181.90997 * 13 12 11 15 15 C 1.54554 * 107.82871 * 306.50071 * 13 12 11 16 16 C 1.54828 * 104.74198 * 88.94056 * 15 13 12 17 17 C 1.54546 * 104.74455 * 0.02562 * 16 15 13 18 18 H 1.09005 * 112.68131 * 146.80493 * 17 16 15 19 19 C 1.47165 * 120.71105 * 4.54972 * 11 9 7 20 20 N 1.48303 * 107.20919 * 58.35600 * 13 12 11 21 21 C 1.36932 * 128.07812 * 106.70535 * 20 13 12 22 22 H 1.08007 * 120.00618 * 164.39460 * 21 20 13 23 23 C 1.38816 * 120.00199 * 344.39526 * 21 20 13 24 24 N 1.31616 * 119.99645 * 350.64049 * 23 21 20 25 25 Si 1.86796 * 120.00112 * 170.63733 * 23 21 20 26 26 H 1.48510 * 109.46763 * 180.02562 * 25 23 21 27 27 H 1.48500 * 109.47581 * 299.99967 * 25 23 21 28 28 H 1.48500 * 109.46919 * 60.00636 * 25 23 21 29 29 C 1.53183 * 109.10655 * 56.93522 * 7 6 4 30 30 C 1.53101 * 109.15657 * 303.15184 * 29 7 6 31 31 O 1.42901 * 109.48932 * 65.05173 * 4 3 2 32 32 H 1.09011 * 109.46981 * 299.99690 * 1 2 3 33 33 H 1.08996 * 109.47363 * 59.99253 * 1 2 3 34 34 H 1.09001 * 109.47496 * 179.97438 * 1 2 3 35 35 H 1.09011 * 109.46981 * 240.00310 * 2 1 3 36 36 H 1.08998 * 109.47582 * 120.00252 * 2 1 3 37 37 H 1.09004 * 109.46937 * 60.00594 * 3 2 1 38 38 H 1.08994 * 109.47520 * 300.00120 * 3 2 1 39 39 H 1.09001 * 109.52037 * 62.49342 * 6 4 3 40 40 H 1.09001 * 109.52211 * 302.30465 * 6 4 3 41 41 H 1.09002 * 109.74658 * 13.14231 * 12 11 9 42 42 H 1.08996 * 109.74594 * 252.41356 * 12 11 9 43 43 H 1.08998 * 110.36424 * 207.91131 * 15 13 12 44 44 H 1.09000 * 110.36186 * 330.22466 * 15 13 12 45 45 H 1.08991 * 110.31228 * 241.24605 * 16 15 13 46 46 H 1.09008 * 110.60718 * 118.91081 * 16 15 13 47 47 H 1.08995 * 109.74521 * 346.85957 * 19 11 9 48 48 H 1.09001 * 109.74873 * 107.53940 * 19 11 9 49 49 H 0.96999 * 120.00473 * 179.97438 * 24 23 21 50 50 H 1.09000 * 109.52124 * 62.96997 * 29 7 6 51 51 H 1.09000 * 109.52163 * 183.16140 * 29 7 6 52 52 H 1.08997 * 109.41193 * 297.49035 * 30 29 7 53 53 H 1.09008 * 109.47972 * 177.50153 * 30 29 7 Note: An asterisk (*) indicates this parameter was or will be optimized. Cartesian coordinates (angstroms) NO. Atom X Y Z 1 6 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2 6 1.5299 0.0000 0.0000 3 6 2.0400 1.4425 0.0000 4 6 3.5700 1.4424 -0.0006 5 1 3.9338 0.8525 0.8406 6 6 4.0806 2.8802 0.1252 7 6 5.6111 2.8775 0.0636 8 1 6.0092 2.3199 0.9114 9 6 6.1201 4.2951 0.1089 10 8 6.2367 4.9306 -0.9175 11 7 6.4457 4.8568 1.2900 12 6 6.8495 6.2700 1.3642 13 6 6.0726 6.9276 2.5183 14 1 6.2981 7.9899 2.6116 15 6 4.5682 6.6554 2.2916 16 6 4.2999 5.3075 3.0046 17 6 5.6677 4.8952 3.5941 18 1 5.5737 4.3542 4.5357 19 6 6.4053 4.0699 2.5330 20 7 6.4005 6.1745 3.7531 21 6 7.1984 6.5666 4.7946 22 1 7.1552 6.0394 5.7363 23 6 8.0627 7.6418 4.6403 24 7 8.2530 8.1673 3.4487 25 14 8.9557 8.3428 6.1237 26 1 9.8121 9.4778 5.6951 27 1 7.9627 8.8209 7.1190 28 1 9.8019 7.2873 6.7363 29 6 6.0592 2.2136 -1.2422 30 6 5.4704 0.8023 -1.3161 31 8 4.0462 0.8744 -1.2224 32 1 -0.3633 0.5138 0.8901 33 1 -0.3634 0.5139 -0.8899 34 1 -0.3634 -1.0276 -0.0005 35 1 1.8933 -0.5138 -0.8901 36 1 1.8933 -0.5138 0.8899 37 1 1.6767 1.9563 0.8901 38 1 1.6767 1.9564 -0.8899 39 1 3.7552 3.3003 1.0769 40 1 3.6842 3.4805 -0.6937 41 1 6.6102 6.7712 0.4263 42 1 7.9204 6.3374 1.5557 43 1 3.9679 7.4490 2.7363 44 1 4.3548 6.5688 1.2262 45 1 3.9553 4.5623 2.2877 46 1 3.5665 5.4341 3.8011 47 1 5.8757 3.1334 2.3588 48 1 7.4207 3.8616 2.8701 49 1 8.8567 8.9188 3.3408 50 1 5.7040 2.8000 -2.0895 51 1 7.1475 2.1574 -1.2675 52 1 5.8591 0.2040 -0.4921 53 1 5.7494 0.3412 -2.2636 RHF calculation, no. of doubly occupied orbitals= 65 REFERENCES FOR PARAMETERS IN GAS-PHASE HAMILTONIAN: H: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) C: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) N: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) O: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) Si: (AM1): M.J.S.DEWAR, C. JIE, ORGANOMETALLICS, 6, 1486-1490 (1987). REFERENCE FOR CHARGE MODEL 2: J. Li, J. Xing, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, J. Chem. Phys. 111 (1999) 885. REFERENCE FOR THE PARAMETERIZATION OF THE SM5.42R SOLVATION MODEL: J. Li, T. Zhu, G. D. Hawkins, P. Winget, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, Theor. Chem. Acc. 103 (1999) 9-63 P. Winget, J. D. Thompson C. J. Cramer,and D. G. Truhlar, J. Phys. Chem. B. submitted. CHARGE=-1 AM1 1SCF TLIMIT=15 GEO-OK SM5.42R & SOLVNT=GENORG IOFR=1.4345 ALPHA=0.00 BETA=0.00 GAMMA=38.93 & DIELEC=2.06 FACARB=0.00 FEHALO=0.00 DEV ZINC001029528361.mol2 53 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED SCF FIELD WAS ACHIEVED Wall clock time and date at job start Tue Mar 31 2020 19:28:31 Heat of formation + Delta-G solvation = -64.390622 kcal Electronic energy + Delta-G solvation = -31743.414448 eV Core-core repulsion = 27808.116054 eV Total energy + Delta-G solvation = -3935.298394 eV No. of doubly occupied orbitals = 65 Molecular weight (most abundant/longest-lived isotopes) = 336.220 amu Computer time = 1.28 seconds Orbital eigenvalues (eV) -40.55323 -39.25497 -37.70855 -35.16589 -33.95259 -33.43898 -32.37215 -31.37259 -30.63378 -29.30657 -27.61323 -26.27081 -25.06408 -23.88505 -23.53269 -22.81278 -21.29989 -20.72630 -19.79059 -19.41285 -18.42634 -17.18148 -16.63644 -16.23551 -16.01772 -15.47114 -15.00995 -14.80531 -14.75671 -14.60872 -14.30129 -13.91432 -13.71505 -13.31066 -13.13781 -12.98204 -12.91625 -12.76240 -12.66947 -12.30683 -11.87394 -11.78997 -11.70553 -11.59348 -11.49125 -11.28541 -11.11980 -11.01014 -10.90318 -10.82534 -10.76006 -10.63698 -10.37358 -10.35937 -10.07539 -9.88027 -9.77946 -9.67432 -9.58499 -9.06313 -8.77251 -8.05589 -6.87345 -5.87808 -3.23926 3.06410 3.33217 3.38658 3.39670 3.55680 3.67695 4.37571 4.47317 4.68108 4.68982 4.79365 4.86279 4.98653 5.04463 5.07672 5.11900 5.26314 5.28278 5.30523 5.45153 5.46940 5.49047 5.52048 5.57236 5.66944 5.67977 5.72163 5.74868 5.79189 5.81976 5.83697 5.92313 5.97475 6.01932 6.10109 6.17830 6.22571 6.26729 6.30940 6.40347 6.49898 6.61447 6.68117 6.76802 6.84939 6.97853 7.14205 7.27625 7.46926 7.66604 8.08542 8.11312 8.71394 9.01512 9.63861 10.40500 11.24985 Molecular weight = 336.22amu Principal moments of inertia in cm(-1) A = 0.018663 B = 0.003134 C = 0.002907 Principal moments of inertia in units of 10**(-40)*gram-cm**2 A = 1499.958603 B = 8931.685797 C = 9630.790583 Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions calculated with CM2 Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C -0.153 4.153 2 C -0.122 4.122 3 C -0.112 4.112 4 C 0.094 3.906 5 H 0.059 0.941 6 C -0.138 4.138 7 C -0.110 4.110 8 H 0.089 0.911 9 C 0.512 3.488 10 O -0.558 6.558 11 N -0.590 5.590 12 C 0.112 3.888 13 C 0.168 3.832 14 H 0.118 0.882 15 C -0.135 4.135 16 C -0.125 4.125 17 C 0.133 3.867 18 H 0.077 0.923 19 C 0.092 3.908 20 N -0.583 5.583 21 C -0.230 4.230 22 H 0.076 0.924 23 C -0.002 4.002 24 N -0.912 5.912 25 Si 0.913 3.087 26 H -0.290 1.290 27 H -0.285 1.285 28 H -0.285 1.285 29 C -0.139 4.139 30 C 0.065 3.935 31 O -0.377 6.377 32 H 0.053 0.947 33 H 0.053 0.947 34 H 0.052 0.948 35 H 0.068 0.932 36 H 0.058 0.942 37 H 0.077 0.923 38 H 0.071 0.929 39 H 0.081 0.919 40 H 0.078 0.922 41 H 0.067 0.933 42 H 0.078 0.922 43 H 0.053 0.947 44 H 0.052 0.948 45 H 0.053 0.947 46 H 0.055 0.945 47 H 0.067 0.933 48 H 0.064 0.936 49 H 0.256 0.744 50 H 0.084 0.916 51 H 0.073 0.927 52 H 0.048 0.952 53 H 0.094 0.906 For the charges calculated by CM2: Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -10.499 -15.051 -5.626 19.194 Note: The Mulliken population analysis charges presented below were not used in the solvation calculation but are provided for completeness. The chosen solvation model uses CM2 partial charges for calculating solvation energies. Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions using Mulliken population analysis Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C -0.210 4.210 2 C -0.159 4.159 3 C -0.150 4.150 4 C 0.036 3.964 5 H 0.077 0.923 6 C -0.176 4.176 7 C -0.131 4.131 8 H 0.107 0.893 9 C 0.299 3.701 10 O -0.437 6.437 11 N -0.321 5.321 12 C -0.011 4.011 13 C 0.060 3.940 14 H 0.136 0.864 15 C -0.174 4.174 16 C -0.164 4.164 17 C 0.025 3.975 18 H 0.095 0.905 19 C -0.034 4.034 20 N -0.304 5.304 21 C -0.358 4.358 22 H 0.094 0.906 23 C -0.199 4.199 24 N -0.558 5.558 25 Si 0.743 3.257 26 H -0.216 1.216 27 H -0.211 1.211 28 H -0.211 1.211 29 C -0.177 4.177 30 C -0.012 4.012 31 O -0.297 6.297 32 H 0.072 0.928 33 H 0.072 0.928 34 H 0.071 0.929 35 H 0.087 0.913 36 H 0.077 0.923 37 H 0.095 0.905 38 H 0.090 0.910 39 H 0.100 0.900 40 H 0.097 0.903 41 H 0.085 0.915 42 H 0.097 0.903 43 H 0.072 0.928 44 H 0.070 0.930 45 H 0.072 0.928 46 H 0.074 0.926 47 H 0.085 0.915 48 H 0.083 0.917 49 H 0.066 0.934 50 H 0.102 0.898 51 H 0.092 0.908 52 H 0.067 0.933 53 H 0.113 0.887 Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -10.335 -14.555 -6.189 18.894 hybrid contribution 0.935 0.484 1.025 1.469 sum -9.400 -14.071 -5.164 17.692 Atomic orbital electron populations 1.21783 0.96034 1.01444 1.01768 1.21476 0.95503 0.96572 1.02363 1.21646 0.92573 0.97717 1.03021 1.22119 0.94625 0.92504 0.87107 0.92333 1.22219 0.93456 0.98024 1.03926 1.21362 0.96982 0.94914 0.99857 0.89261 1.20339 0.78039 0.88284 0.83450 1.90634 1.55452 1.64441 1.33180 1.48243 1.64913 1.12809 1.06130 1.22439 1.00919 0.78369 0.99416 1.21890 0.88408 0.98859 0.84818 0.86433 1.22707 0.99714 0.96495 0.98532 1.22643 0.97595 0.97389 0.98736 1.21833 0.91231 0.89429 0.95049 0.90451 1.22516 1.01376 0.93694 0.85799 1.45154 1.54140 1.11320 1.19765 1.18941 1.14046 1.12940 0.89855 0.90641 1.24858 0.98194 1.00162 0.96697 1.69826 1.39319 1.26393 1.20231 0.86205 0.79221 0.78522 0.81782 1.21587 1.21141 1.21108 1.22061 1.01247 0.96611 0.97742 1.22559 0.81035 0.95663 1.01956 1.87912 1.20870 1.82289 1.38597 0.92820 0.92766 0.92922 0.91280 0.92277 0.90453 0.91009 0.90033 0.90333 0.91494 0.90336 0.92799 0.92964 0.92803 0.92631 0.91523 0.91734 0.93369 0.89761 0.90796 0.93328 0.88739 Number of geometries 1 Number of calculations of the screened coulomb radii 1 The total number of SCF iterations 17. Note: The number of geometries may not correspond to the number of cycles due to rejected geometry changes. In the following table subtotal= G_P + SS G_CDS. Atom Chem. CM2 G_P Area Sigma k SS G_CDS Subtotal M number symbol chg. (kcal) (Ang**2) cal/(Ang**2) (kcal) (kcal) value 1 C -0.15 -1.12 9.91 37.15 0.37 -0.75 16 2 C -0.12 -1.01 5.83 -26.73 -0.16 -1.16 16 3 C -0.11 -1.02 4.92 -26.73 -0.13 -1.15 16 4 C 0.09 0.98 2.64 -26.68 -0.07 0.91 16 5 H 0.06 0.56 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.14 16 6 C -0.14 -1.67 4.69 -26.59 -0.12 -1.80 16 7 C -0.11 -1.48 1.91 -91.59 -0.17 -1.65 16 8 H 0.09 1.08 5.99 -51.93 -0.31 0.77 16 9 C 0.51 9.17 6.73 -10.99 -0.07 9.10 16 10 O -0.56 -11.93 15.66 5.56 0.09 -11.84 16 11 N -0.59 -11.05 2.25 -171.87 -0.39 -11.44 16 12 C 0.11 2.45 5.78 -3.22 -0.02 2.43 16 13 C 0.17 3.76 3.14 -65.66 -0.21 3.55 16 14 H 0.12 3.01 6.37 -51.93 -0.33 2.68 16 15 C -0.14 -2.56 6.21 -24.95 -0.16 -2.72 16 16 C -0.12 -2.07 6.21 -24.96 -0.15 -2.23 16 17 C 0.13 2.46 4.28 -65.96 -0.28 2.17 16 18 H 0.08 1.34 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.92 16 19 C 0.09 1.54 5.65 -3.51 -0.02 1.52 16 20 N -0.58 -13.48 2.81 -152.93 -0.43 -13.91 16 21 C -0.23 -5.90 10.37 -15.06 -0.16 -6.06 16 22 H 0.08 1.88 7.85 -52.48 -0.41 1.47 16 23 C 0.00 -0.04 5.42 -17.43 -0.09 -0.14 16 24 N -0.91 -24.90 10.39 55.49 0.58 -24.32 16 25 Si 0.91 21.01 29.56 -169.99 -5.03 15.98 16 26 H -0.29 -6.81 7.11 56.52 0.40 -6.41 16 27 H -0.28 -6.53 7.11 56.52 0.40 -6.12 16 28 H -0.28 -6.50 7.11 56.52 0.40 -6.09 16 29 C -0.14 -1.73 5.11 -26.58 -0.14 -1.87 16 30 C 0.06 0.66 6.84 37.21 0.25 0.91 16 31 O -0.38 -4.37 9.95 -35.23 -0.35 -4.72 16 32 H 0.05 0.37 8.14 -51.92 -0.42 -0.05 16 33 H 0.05 0.40 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.03 16 34 H 0.05 0.35 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.07 16 35 H 0.07 0.63 7.83 -51.92 -0.41 0.22 16 36 H 0.06 0.46 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.04 16 37 H 0.08 0.64 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.22 16 38 H 0.07 0.70 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.28 16 39 H 0.08 0.96 5.73 -51.93 -0.30 0.66 16 40 H 0.08 1.07 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.65 16 41 H 0.07 1.51 7.15 -51.93 -0.37 1.13 16 42 H 0.08 1.98 7.78 -51.93 -0.40 1.57 16 43 H 0.05 1.00 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.58 16 44 H 0.05 0.98 7.84 -51.93 -0.41 0.57 16 45 H 0.05 0.79 5.42 -51.93 -0.28 0.51 16 46 H 0.05 0.88 8.14 -51.92 -0.42 0.46 16 47 H 0.07 0.89 5.57 -51.93 -0.29 0.60 16 48 H 0.06 1.18 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.76 16 49 H 0.26 6.90 8.31 -40.82 -0.34 6.56 16 50 H 0.08 1.21 7.75 -51.93 -0.40 0.81 16 51 H 0.07 0.90 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.48 16 52 H 0.05 0.44 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.01 16 53 H 0.09 0.82 8.14 -51.92 -0.42 0.40 16 LS Contribution 393.31 15.07 5.93 5.93 Total: -1.00 -29.20 393.31 -10.32 -39.52 By element: Atomic # 1 Polarization: 13.12 SS G_CDS: -9.39 Total: 3.73 kcal Atomic # 6 Polarization: 2.41 SS G_CDS: -1.33 Total: 1.08 kcal Atomic # 7 Polarization: -49.43 SS G_CDS: -0.24 Total: -49.67 kcal Atomic # 8 Polarization: -16.30 SS G_CDS: -0.26 Total: -16.56 kcal Atomic # 14 Polarization: 21.01 SS G_CDS: -5.03 Total: 15.98 kcal Total LS contribution 5.93 Total: 5.93 kcal Total: -29.20 -10.32 -39.52 kcal The number of atoms in the molecule is 53 The average number of expansion shells was 16.00 The maximum number of expansion shells was 16 The minimum number of expansion shells was 16 **** NOTA BENE **** This is the net solvation energy for this exact molecular structure (nuclear and electronic)! The standard-state solvation energy should be obtained as the difference between the heat of formation plus delta-G solvation for the relaxed solvated system and that for the relaxed gas-phase system. ZINC001029528361.mol2 53 1SCF run This is a breakdown of the solvation energy calculated without geometric relaxation in solution: (1) E-EN(sol) electronic-nuclear energy of solute -24.871 kcal (2) G-P(sol) polarization free energy of solvation -29.196 kcal (3) G-ENP(sol) elect.-nuc.-pol. free energy of system -54.067 kcal (4) G-CDS(sol) cavity-dispersion-solvent structure free energy -10.324 kcal (5) G-P-CDS(sol) = G-P(sol) + G-CDS(sol) = (2) + (4) -39.520 kcal (6) G-S(sol) free energy of system = (1) + (5) -64.391 kcal 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED Total computer time = 1.28 seconds