Wall clock time and date at job start Sat Apr 11 2020 06:10:14 AMSOL-version 7.1 by G. D. Hawkins, D. J. Giesen, G. C. Lynch, C. C. Chambers, I. Rossi, J. W. Storer, J. Li, J. D. Thompson, P. Winget, B. J. Lynch, D. Rinaldi, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar Copyright 2004 by Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Notice: recipients of this code are asked to comply with the user agreement in Section 1 of the documentation file. ******************************************************************************* * 1SCF - SCF CALCULATION WITHOUT GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION * - USE EF ROUTINE FOR MINIMUM SEARCH (DEFAULT) * GEO-OK - OVERRIDE INTERATOMIC DISTANCE CHECK * TLIMIT= - A TIME OF 15. SECONDS REQUESTED * CHARGE - CHARGE ON SYSTEM= -1 * AM1 - THE AM1 HAMILTONIAN TO BE USED * DEV - DEVELOPER OPTIONS ARE ALLOWED * SM5.42R - SM5.42R CALCULATIONS WILL BE PERFORMED * - CHARGE MODEL 2 WILL BE USED (CM2A) * - THE SOLVENT IS USER-SPECIFIED * DIELEC - THE SOLVENT DIELECTRIC CONSTANT IS 2.06 * IOFR - THE SOLVENT INDEX OF REFRACTION IS 1.4345 * ALPHA - THE SOLVENT ALPHA IS 0.00 * BETA - THE SOLVENT BETA IS 0.00 * GAMMA - THE SOLVENT MACROSCOPIC SURFACE TENSION IS * 38.93 CAL MOL^-1 ANGSTROM^-2 * FACARB - THE FRACTION OF AROMATIC CARBONS IS 0.00 * FEHALO - THE FRACTION OF ELECTRONEGATIVE HALOGENS IS 0.00 ******************************************************************************* Atom NO. Chemical Bond length Bond angle Dihedral angle number (k) symbol (angstroms) (degrees) (degrees) (I) NA:I NB:NA:I NC:NB:NA:I NA NB NC 1 1 C 2 2 C 1.52996 * 1 3 3 C 1.52998 * 109.47253 * 2 1 4 4 H 1.09006 * 109.47009 * 54.99747 * 3 2 1 5 5 C 1.50703 * 109.47144 * 174.99901 * 3 2 1 6 6 H 1.08001 * 119.99704 * 120.00062 * 5 3 2 7 7 C 1.37872 * 119.99931 * 299.99930 * 5 3 2 8 8 N 1.31515 * 120.00470 * 0.02562 * 7 5 3 9 9 Si 1.86803 * 119.99884 * 179.97438 * 7 5 3 10 10 H 1.48505 * 109.46904 * 89.99982 * 9 7 5 11 11 H 1.48505 * 109.47211 * 210.00154 * 9 7 5 12 12 H 1.48498 * 109.47237 * 330.00045 * 9 7 5 13 13 N 1.46902 * 109.47196 * 295.00139 * 3 2 1 14 14 C 1.48118 * 111.36252 * 295.11856 * 13 3 2 15 15 C 1.52579 * 112.16028 * 183.24427 * 14 13 3 16 16 O 1.44023 * 111.74362 * 49.48545 * 15 14 13 17 17 C 1.41214 * 110.56608 * 304.56071 * 16 15 14 18 18 H 1.08995 * 109.74031 * 306.00819 * 17 16 15 19 19 C 1.52164 * 118.62875 * 179.13810 * 17 16 15 20 20 N 1.48228 * 105.96262 * 214.97466 * 19 17 16 21 21 C 1.34777 * 125.80350 * 182.92856 * 20 19 17 22 22 O 1.21507 * 120.00068 * 179.69128 * 21 20 19 23 23 O 1.34644 * 119.99419 * 359.68454 * 21 20 19 24 24 C 1.45206 * 116.99182 * 180.02562 * 23 21 20 25 25 C 1.52997 * 109.47226 * 60.00595 * 24 23 21 26 26 C 1.52992 * 109.47178 * 300.00057 * 24 23 21 27 27 C 1.53006 * 109.46497 * 180.02562 * 24 23 21 28 28 C 1.48633 * 108.39772 * 2.66122 * 20 19 17 29 29 C 1.45558 * 110.99993 * 175.00053 * 13 3 2 30 30 H 1.09004 * 110.67245 * 65.23316 * 29 13 3 31 31 H 1.08998 * 109.47280 * 180.02562 * 1 2 3 32 32 H 1.08999 * 109.47381 * 299.99856 * 1 2 3 33 33 H 1.09009 * 109.47250 * 60.00035 * 1 2 3 34 34 H 1.08999 * 109.47381 * 240.00144 * 2 1 3 35 35 H 1.09005 * 109.46770 * 119.99977 * 2 1 3 36 36 H 0.97000 * 120.00583 * 180.02562 * 8 7 5 37 37 H 1.09002 * 109.02742 * 62.39766 * 14 13 3 38 38 H 1.08998 * 108.55203 * 303.76657 * 14 13 3 39 39 H 1.08996 * 109.02110 * 288.90454 * 15 14 13 40 40 H 1.08999 * 109.02765 * 170.07119 * 15 14 13 41 41 H 1.09004 * 110.27078 * 95.78659 * 19 17 16 42 42 H 1.09004 * 110.03101 * 334.03069 * 19 17 16 43 43 H 1.09002 * 109.47153 * 299.99431 * 25 24 23 44 44 H 1.09001 * 109.46832 * 179.97438 * 25 24 23 45 45 H 1.09004 * 109.47261 * 59.99603 * 25 24 23 46 46 H 1.09001 * 109.47066 * 180.02562 * 26 24 23 47 47 H 1.08996 * 109.47747 * 300.00217 * 26 24 23 48 48 H 1.09002 * 109.47103 * 60.00629 * 26 24 23 49 49 H 1.08993 * 109.46955 * 300.00264 * 27 24 23 50 50 H 1.09000 * 109.47050 * 60.00093 * 27 24 23 51 51 H 1.09001 * 109.47002 * 179.97438 * 27 24 23 52 52 H 1.08998 * 110.61077 * 143.15741 * 28 20 19 53 53 H 1.09004 * 110.60901 * 266.14279 * 28 20 19 Note: An asterisk (*) indicates this parameter was or will be optimized. Cartesian coordinates (angstroms) NO. Atom X Y Z 1 6 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2 6 1.5300 0.0000 0.0000 3 6 2.0400 1.4425 0.0000 4 1 1.6053 1.9815 0.8418 5 6 3.5419 1.4442 0.1239 6 1 4.1472 1.8888 -0.6523 7 6 4.1432 0.8784 1.2280 8 7 3.4062 0.3366 2.1729 9 14 6.0050 0.8799 1.3812 10 1 6.4428 2.1129 2.0837 11 1 6.4390 -0.3112 2.1546 12 1 6.6131 0.8393 0.0270 13 7 1.6514 2.0993 -1.2552 14 6 2.3140 1.4702 -2.4210 15 6 1.9852 2.1882 -3.7266 16 8 2.1799 3.6109 -3.6167 17 6 1.4285 4.1329 -2.5410 18 1 0.3831 3.8435 -2.6476 19 6 1.5156 5.6231 -2.2462 20 7 1.4222 5.7533 -0.7726 21 6 1.4016 6.9111 -0.0831 22 8 1.3165 6.8951 1.1289 23 8 1.4755 8.0856 -0.7373 24 6 1.4484 9.2924 0.0697 25 6 2.6335 9.2857 1.0372 26 6 0.1418 9.3456 0.8639 27 6 1.5407 10.5177 -0.8421 28 6 1.3486 4.3900 -0.1850 29 6 2.0174 3.5080 -1.2419 30 1 3.1009 3.6238 -1.2114 31 1 -0.3634 -1.0276 0.0005 32 1 -0.3634 0.5138 0.8900 33 1 -0.3634 0.5139 -0.8900 34 1 1.8933 -0.5138 -0.8900 35 1 1.8932 -0.5139 0.8900 36 1 3.8292 -0.0612 2.9499 37 1 1.9912 0.4317 -2.4956 38 1 3.3921 1.4964 -2.2629 39 1 0.9457 1.9909 -3.9884 40 1 2.6288 1.8014 -4.5167 41 1 0.6898 6.1513 -2.7230 42 1 2.4684 6.0184 -2.5984 43 1 2.5674 8.4128 1.6867 44 1 2.6134 10.1918 1.6427 45 1 3.5644 9.2477 0.4713 46 1 0.1213 10.2518 1.4694 47 1 -0.7025 9.3505 0.1746 48 1 0.0757 8.4728 1.5134 49 1 2.4713 10.4799 -1.4082 50 1 0.6962 10.5223 -1.5311 51 1 1.5200 11.4237 -0.2364 52 1 1.8990 4.3471 0.7548 53 1 0.3107 4.0915 -0.0371 RHF calculation, no. of doubly occupied orbitals= 66 REFERENCES FOR PARAMETERS IN GAS-PHASE HAMILTONIAN: H: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) C: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) N: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) O: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) Si: (AM1): M.J.S.DEWAR, C. JIE, ORGANOMETALLICS, 6, 1486-1490 (1987). REFERENCE FOR CHARGE MODEL 2: J. Li, J. Xing, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, J. Chem. Phys. 111 (1999) 885. REFERENCE FOR THE PARAMETERIZATION OF THE SM5.42R SOLVATION MODEL: J. Li, T. Zhu, G. D. Hawkins, P. Winget, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, Theor. Chem. Acc. 103 (1999) 9-63 P. Winget, J. D. Thompson C. J. Cramer,and D. G. Truhlar, J. Phys. Chem. B. submitted. CHARGE=-1 AM1 1SCF TLIMIT=15 GEO-OK SM5.42R & SOLVNT=GENORG IOFR=1.4345 ALPHA=0.00 BETA=0.00 GAMMA=38.93 & DIELEC=2.06 FACARB=0.00 FEHALO=0.00 DEV ZINC001255167017.mol2 53 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED SCF FIELD WAS ACHIEVED Wall clock time and date at job start Sat Apr 11 2020 06:10:14 Heat of formation + Delta-G solvation = -101.426954 kcal Electronic energy + Delta-G solvation = -32567.425042 eV Core-core repulsion = 28440.064580 eV Total energy + Delta-G solvation = -4127.360461 eV No. of doubly occupied orbitals = 66 Molecular weight (most abundant/longest-lived isotopes) = 340.220 amu Computer time = 0.98 seconds Orbital eigenvalues (eV) -40.79357 -39.93089 -37.38144 -36.28161 -35.84329 -34.01088 -32.73174 -31.32087 -30.55866 -28.42948 -27.82992 -27.49701 -27.42463 -25.98310 -23.66919 -22.58320 -22.40259 -21.16861 -20.29718 -19.35735 -18.98897 -17.75285 -16.67464 -16.62551 -16.19004 -15.72899 -15.64935 -15.19952 -14.78509 -14.61413 -14.38827 -14.28862 -14.05437 -13.62201 -13.46554 -13.10456 -12.94700 -12.60750 -12.54124 -12.42007 -12.24877 -12.11515 -11.95666 -11.90258 -11.76240 -11.43547 -11.41904 -11.29618 -11.25284 -11.01880 -10.92836 -10.74350 -10.62757 -10.44233 -10.34800 -9.93607 -9.87712 -9.77691 -9.62982 -9.34783 -8.91137 -8.57639 -8.42688 -7.40805 -6.06928 -4.20238 2.12787 3.00743 3.23766 3.31345 3.33638 3.59397 4.08259 4.34586 4.64718 4.68439 4.76593 4.82772 4.84243 5.07166 5.19000 5.33230 5.35214 5.40779 5.44015 5.45447 5.56359 5.58702 5.62558 5.67603 5.70476 5.77710 5.79667 5.87421 5.92782 5.98720 6.15689 6.23085 6.24996 6.25803 6.30542 6.34480 6.39423 6.54772 6.56671 6.59991 6.64580 6.96780 7.07546 7.18197 7.32372 7.48448 7.60519 7.65640 7.77618 8.01974 8.09095 8.31377 8.48285 8.87136 9.48061 10.93176 Molecular weight = 340.22amu Principal moments of inertia in cm(-1) A = 0.011230 B = 0.003735 C = 0.003287 Principal moments of inertia in units of 10**(-40)*gram-cm**2 A = 2492.648031 B = 7495.076202 C = 8517.139836 Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions calculated with CM2 Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C -0.139 4.139 2 C -0.111 4.111 3 C 0.209 3.791 4 H 0.044 0.956 5 C -0.549 4.549 6 H 0.057 0.943 7 C 0.073 3.927 8 N -0.882 5.882 9 Si 0.886 3.114 10 H -0.281 1.281 11 H -0.285 1.285 12 H -0.275 1.275 13 N -0.507 5.507 14 C 0.015 3.985 15 C 0.065 3.935 16 O -0.369 6.369 17 C 0.068 3.932 18 H 0.076 0.924 19 C 0.124 3.876 20 N -0.602 5.602 21 C 0.670 3.330 22 O -0.564 6.564 23 O -0.363 6.363 24 C 0.136 3.864 25 C -0.184 4.184 26 C -0.183 4.183 27 C -0.139 4.139 28 C 0.144 3.856 29 C 0.043 3.957 30 H 0.071 0.929 31 H 0.026 0.974 32 H 0.040 0.960 33 H 0.046 0.954 34 H 0.032 0.968 35 H 0.094 0.906 36 H 0.262 0.738 37 H 0.084 0.916 38 H 0.057 0.943 39 H 0.052 0.948 40 H 0.092 0.908 41 H 0.079 0.921 42 H 0.077 0.923 43 H 0.089 0.911 44 H 0.068 0.932 45 H 0.059 0.941 46 H 0.068 0.932 47 H 0.058 0.942 48 H 0.089 0.911 49 H 0.066 0.934 50 H 0.065 0.935 51 H 0.078 0.922 52 H 0.091 0.909 53 H 0.079 0.921 For the charges calculated by CM2: Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -5.735 12.975 -8.479 16.527 Note: The Mulliken population analysis charges presented below were not used in the solvation calculation but are provided for completeness. The chosen solvation model uses CM2 partial charges for calculating solvation energies. Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions using Mulliken population analysis Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C -0.197 4.197 2 C -0.149 4.149 3 C 0.104 3.896 4 H 0.062 0.938 5 C -0.587 4.587 6 H 0.075 0.925 7 C -0.131 4.131 8 N -0.519 5.519 9 Si 0.713 3.287 10 H -0.207 1.207 11 H -0.211 1.211 12 H -0.200 1.200 13 N -0.231 5.231 14 C -0.113 4.113 15 C -0.011 4.011 16 O -0.288 6.288 17 C 0.008 3.992 18 H 0.094 0.906 19 C 0.001 3.999 20 N -0.345 5.345 21 C 0.425 3.575 22 O -0.453 6.453 23 O -0.278 6.278 24 C 0.099 3.901 25 C -0.242 4.242 26 C -0.240 4.240 27 C -0.196 4.196 28 C 0.023 3.977 29 C -0.068 4.068 30 H 0.088 0.912 31 H 0.045 0.955 32 H 0.059 0.941 33 H 0.065 0.935 34 H 0.051 0.949 35 H 0.112 0.888 36 H 0.072 0.928 37 H 0.102 0.898 38 H 0.075 0.925 39 H 0.070 0.930 40 H 0.110 0.890 41 H 0.097 0.903 42 H 0.096 0.904 43 H 0.108 0.892 44 H 0.087 0.913 45 H 0.078 0.922 46 H 0.087 0.913 47 H 0.077 0.923 48 H 0.108 0.892 49 H 0.085 0.915 50 H 0.084 0.916 51 H 0.097 0.903 52 H 0.110 0.890 53 H 0.097 0.903 Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -6.165 13.070 -8.034 16.534 hybrid contribution 1.906 -0.175 0.480 1.973 sum -4.259 12.895 -7.555 15.540 Atomic orbital electron populations 1.21721 0.98756 0.98585 1.00591 1.21596 0.92282 0.98947 1.02118 1.19401 0.93465 0.91446 0.85336 0.93777 1.21645 0.92567 1.38746 1.05782 0.92477 1.24863 0.97825 0.94789 0.95576 1.69856 1.34891 1.37866 1.09317 0.86697 0.86143 0.77653 0.78157 1.20661 1.21116 1.20015 1.63390 1.55085 0.99576 1.05092 1.22715 0.99731 0.98901 0.89923 1.22793 1.00896 0.79622 0.97826 1.87886 1.68640 1.21918 1.50311 1.22462 0.95994 0.92956 0.87739 0.90622 1.21380 1.02972 0.95274 0.80309 1.47603 1.75638 1.04043 1.07220 1.17370 0.76476 0.80137 0.83469 1.90911 1.55928 1.86427 1.12069 1.86306 1.86661 1.13633 1.41210 1.22029 0.96500 0.81018 0.90588 1.22524 0.97005 1.04529 1.00094 1.22516 0.95896 1.04491 1.01141 1.21843 1.03265 0.94819 0.99701 1.21851 1.01684 0.76682 0.97449 1.22807 0.99069 0.91253 0.93641 0.91164 0.95483 0.94110 0.93459 0.94898 0.88773 0.92754 0.89767 0.92485 0.92991 0.88978 0.90267 0.90449 0.89183 0.91324 0.92189 0.91324 0.92275 0.89223 0.91511 0.91565 0.90307 0.89021 0.90325 Number of geometries 1 Number of calculations of the screened coulomb radii 1 The total number of SCF iterations 12. Note: The number of geometries may not correspond to the number of cycles due to rejected geometry changes. In the following table subtotal= G_P + SS G_CDS. Atom Chem. CM2 G_P Area Sigma k SS G_CDS Subtotal M number symbol chg. (kcal) (Ang**2) cal/(Ang**2) (kcal) (kcal) value 1 C -0.14 -2.65 9.80 37.16 0.36 -2.28 16 2 C -0.11 -2.45 5.14 -26.73 -0.14 -2.59 16 3 C 0.21 4.77 1.66 -68.86 -0.11 4.65 16 4 H 0.04 1.13 7.41 -51.93 -0.38 0.74 16 5 C -0.55 -13.89 7.09 -34.44 -0.24 -14.13 16 6 H 0.06 1.47 5.57 -52.49 -0.29 1.18 16 7 C 0.07 1.91 5.29 -17.82 -0.09 1.82 16 8 N -0.88 -23.96 11.29 55.43 0.63 -23.33 16 9 Si 0.89 20.79 29.54 -169.99 -5.02 15.77 16 10 H -0.28 -6.68 7.11 56.52 0.40 -6.28 16 11 H -0.29 -6.68 7.11 56.52 0.40 -6.28 16 12 H -0.28 -6.42 7.11 56.52 0.40 -6.02 16 13 N -0.51 -9.70 4.24 -218.59 -0.93 -10.63 16 14 C 0.02 0.27 4.94 -3.37 -0.02 0.25 16 15 C 0.07 0.94 6.84 36.94 0.25 1.19 16 16 O -0.37 -5.87 10.93 -34.99 -0.38 -6.25 16 17 C 0.07 1.05 3.02 -25.71 -0.08 0.97 16 18 H 0.08 1.13 8.06 -51.93 -0.42 0.71 16 19 C 0.12 1.76 6.86 -3.52 -0.02 1.73 16 20 N -0.60 -9.90 3.38 -176.78 -0.60 -10.50 16 21 C 0.67 11.35 7.94 54.06 0.43 11.78 16 22 O -0.56 -10.74 12.18 -19.28 -0.23 -10.97 16 23 O -0.36 -5.29 9.50 -40.33 -0.38 -5.67 16 24 C 0.14 1.61 1.13 -90.62 -0.10 1.51 16 25 C -0.18 -2.23 8.37 37.16 0.31 -1.92 16 26 C -0.18 -2.09 8.37 37.15 0.31 -1.78 16 27 C -0.14 -1.20 8.85 37.16 0.33 -0.87 16 28 C 0.14 2.60 5.86 -2.84 -0.02 2.58 16 29 C 0.04 0.79 1.81 -66.96 -0.12 0.67 16 30 H 0.07 1.49 6.99 -51.93 -0.36 1.13 16 31 H 0.03 0.46 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.04 16 32 H 0.04 0.79 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.36 16 33 H 0.05 0.85 7.75 -51.92 -0.40 0.45 16 34 H 0.03 0.70 6.37 -51.93 -0.33 0.37 16 35 H 0.09 2.37 5.95 -51.93 -0.31 2.06 16 36 H 0.26 6.90 8.31 -40.82 -0.34 6.56 16 37 H 0.08 1.45 6.47 -51.93 -0.34 1.11 16 38 H 0.06 1.14 6.04 -51.93 -0.31 0.83 16 39 H 0.05 0.68 8.13 -51.93 -0.42 0.26 16 40 H 0.09 1.14 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.71 16 41 H 0.08 0.96 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.54 16 42 H 0.08 1.09 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.67 16 43 H 0.09 1.36 5.88 -51.93 -0.31 1.05 16 44 H 0.07 0.66 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.24 16 45 H 0.06 0.71 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.28 16 46 H 0.07 0.63 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.20 16 47 H 0.06 0.63 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.21 16 48 H 0.09 1.27 5.88 -51.93 -0.31 0.97 16 49 H 0.07 0.57 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.14 16 50 H 0.07 0.54 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.12 16 51 H 0.08 0.52 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.10 16 52 H 0.09 1.89 8.07 -51.93 -0.42 1.47 16 53 H 0.08 1.38 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.96 16 LS Contribution 398.11 15.07 6.00 6.00 Total: -1.00 -27.98 398.11 -9.11 -37.09 By element: Atomic # 1 Polarization: 14.13 SS G_CDS: -9.23 Total: 4.90 kcal Atomic # 6 Polarization: 2.55 SS G_CDS: 1.05 Total: 3.60 kcal Atomic # 7 Polarization: -43.56 SS G_CDS: -0.90 Total: -44.46 kcal Atomic # 8 Polarization: -21.89 SS G_CDS: -1.00 Total: -22.90 kcal Atomic # 14 Polarization: 20.79 SS G_CDS: -5.02 Total: 15.77 kcal Total LS contribution 6.00 Total: 6.00 kcal Total: -27.98 -9.11 -37.09 kcal The number of atoms in the molecule is 53 The average number of expansion shells was 16.00 The maximum number of expansion shells was 16 The minimum number of expansion shells was 16 **** NOTA BENE **** This is the net solvation energy for this exact molecular structure (nuclear and electronic)! The standard-state solvation energy should be obtained as the difference between the heat of formation plus delta-G solvation for the relaxed solvated system and that for the relaxed gas-phase system. ZINC001255167017.mol2 53 1SCF run This is a breakdown of the solvation energy calculated without geometric relaxation in solution: (1) E-EN(sol) electronic-nuclear energy of solute -64.339 kcal (2) G-P(sol) polarization free energy of solvation -27.981 kcal (3) G-ENP(sol) elect.-nuc.-pol. free energy of system -92.321 kcal (4) G-CDS(sol) cavity-dispersion-solvent structure free energy -9.106 kcal (5) G-P-CDS(sol) = G-P(sol) + G-CDS(sol) = (2) + (4) -37.088 kcal (6) G-S(sol) free energy of system = (1) + (5) -101.427 kcal 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED Total computer time = 0.98 seconds