Wall clock time and date at job start Sat Apr 11 2020 06:10:38 AMSOL-version 7.1 by G. D. Hawkins, D. J. Giesen, G. C. Lynch, C. C. Chambers, I. Rossi, J. W. Storer, J. Li, J. D. Thompson, P. Winget, B. J. Lynch, D. Rinaldi, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar Copyright 2004 by Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Notice: recipients of this code are asked to comply with the user agreement in Section 1 of the documentation file. ******************************************************************************* * 1SCF - SCF CALCULATION WITHOUT GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION * - USE EF ROUTINE FOR MINIMUM SEARCH (DEFAULT) * GEO-OK - OVERRIDE INTERATOMIC DISTANCE CHECK * TLIMIT= - A TIME OF 15. SECONDS REQUESTED * CHARGE - CHARGE ON SYSTEM= -1 * AM1 - THE AM1 HAMILTONIAN TO BE USED * DEV - DEVELOPER OPTIONS ARE ALLOWED * SM5.42R - SM5.42R CALCULATIONS WILL BE PERFORMED * - CHARGE MODEL 2 WILL BE USED (CM2A) * - THE SOLVENT IS USER-SPECIFIED * DIELEC - THE SOLVENT DIELECTRIC CONSTANT IS 2.06 * IOFR - THE SOLVENT INDEX OF REFRACTION IS 1.4345 * ALPHA - THE SOLVENT ALPHA IS 0.00 * BETA - THE SOLVENT BETA IS 0.00 * GAMMA - THE SOLVENT MACROSCOPIC SURFACE TENSION IS * 38.93 CAL MOL^-1 ANGSTROM^-2 * FACARB - THE FRACTION OF AROMATIC CARBONS IS 0.00 * FEHALO - THE FRACTION OF ELECTRONEGATIVE HALOGENS IS 0.00 ******************************************************************************* Atom NO. Chemical Bond length Bond angle Dihedral angle number (k) symbol (angstroms) (degrees) (degrees) (I) NA:I NB:NA:I NC:NB:NA:I NA NB NC 1 1 C 2 2 C 1.52992 * 1 3 3 O 1.42902 * 109.47552 * 2 1 4 4 C 1.42891 * 114.00129 * 179.97438 * 3 2 1 5 5 C 1.53004 * 109.47033 * 180.02562 * 4 3 2 6 6 C 1.53005 * 109.46973 * 180.02562 * 5 4 3 7 7 C 1.53004 * 109.46973 * 180.02562 * 6 5 4 8 8 C 1.52997 * 109.47151 * 179.97438 * 7 6 5 9 9 C 1.50705 * 109.46978 * 179.97438 * 8 7 6 10 10 O 1.21274 * 119.99919 * 359.97438 * 9 8 7 11 11 N 1.34771 * 119.99551 * 180.02562 * 9 8 7 12 12 C 1.47163 * 120.20156 * 359.84280 * 11 9 8 13 13 C 1.53549 * 107.33147 * 130.26247 * 12 11 9 14 14 O 1.42652 * 108.38369 * 55.65299 * 13 12 11 15 15 C 1.42776 * 115.69323 * 295.54852 * 14 13 12 16 16 H 1.09001 * 112.22136 * 290.72543 * 15 14 13 17 17 C 1.55395 * 107.69230 * 166.34839 * 15 14 13 18 18 N 1.47479 * 104.78586 * 281.47053 * 17 15 14 19 19 C 1.36936 * 125.68896 * 155.63318 * 18 17 15 20 20 H 1.07999 * 120.00254 * 342.04058 * 19 18 17 21 21 C 1.38810 * 120.00022 * 162.03491 * 19 18 17 22 22 N 1.31620 * 120.00118 * 156.28729 * 21 19 18 23 23 Si 1.86802 * 120.00033 * 336.29501 * 21 19 18 24 24 H 1.48500 * 109.47300 * 84.65691 * 23 21 19 25 25 H 1.48498 * 109.47117 * 204.65300 * 23 21 19 26 26 H 1.48498 * 109.47094 * 324.65296 * 23 21 19 27 27 C 1.47216 * 108.62209 * 335.59787 * 18 17 15 28 28 C 1.45668 * 120.11408 * 180.02562 * 11 9 8 29 29 H 1.08998 * 109.95451 * 345.45133 * 28 11 9 30 30 H 1.09008 * 109.46935 * 59.99982 * 1 2 3 31 31 H 1.09003 * 109.47346 * 179.97438 * 1 2 3 32 32 H 1.09001 * 109.47562 * 300.00102 * 1 2 3 33 33 H 1.09001 * 109.47562 * 239.99898 * 2 1 3 34 34 H 1.09008 * 109.46935 * 120.00018 * 2 1 3 35 35 H 1.08999 * 109.47429 * 60.00358 * 4 3 2 36 36 H 1.09005 * 109.47437 * 300.00072 * 4 3 2 37 37 H 1.08999 * 109.47343 * 59.99833 * 5 4 3 38 38 H 1.09003 * 109.46906 * 299.99696 * 5 4 3 39 39 H 1.08999 * 109.47483 * 60.00240 * 6 5 4 40 40 H 1.09003 * 109.47032 * 299.99589 * 6 5 4 41 41 H 1.08999 * 109.47343 * 59.99803 * 7 6 5 42 42 H 1.09005 * 109.46969 * 300.00208 * 7 6 5 43 43 H 1.09005 * 109.46919 * 60.00475 * 8 7 6 44 44 H 1.08994 * 109.46973 * 299.99996 * 8 7 6 45 45 H 1.08995 * 109.84474 * 10.83929 * 12 11 9 46 46 H 1.09001 * 110.00343 * 249.77508 * 12 11 9 47 47 H 1.09006 * 109.67866 * 295.93511 * 13 12 11 48 48 H 1.09001 * 109.68298 * 175.38025 * 13 12 11 49 49 H 1.09009 * 110.37751 * 40.29578 * 17 15 14 50 50 H 1.08996 * 110.37899 * 162.52958 * 17 15 14 51 51 H 0.97007 * 120.00186 * 180.02562 * 22 21 19 52 52 H 1.08998 * 109.95790 * 241.89657 * 27 18 17 53 53 H 1.08997 * 109.96067 * 120.65509 * 27 18 17 Note: An asterisk (*) indicates this parameter was or will be optimized. Cartesian coordinates (angstroms) NO. Atom X Y Z 1 6 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2 6 1.5299 0.0000 0.0000 3 8 2.0064 1.3473 0.0000 4 6 3.4308 1.4600 0.0006 5 6 3.8254 2.9383 0.0012 6 6 5.3507 3.0590 0.0012 7 6 5.7452 4.5373 0.0024 8 6 7.2704 4.6581 0.0030 9 6 7.6590 6.1141 0.0036 10 8 6.8006 6.9708 0.0031 11 7 8.9605 6.4642 0.0037 12 6 10.0057 5.4282 0.0067 13 6 10.9982 5.7765 -1.1119 14 8 11.4747 7.1032 -0.8936 15 6 10.4939 8.1365 -0.9873 16 1 10.1402 8.2778 -2.0086 17 6 11.1116 9.4299 -0.3870 18 7 11.0115 9.2520 1.0736 19 6 11.8053 9.8608 2.0087 20 1 12.7487 10.2967 1.7150 21 6 11.3973 9.9176 3.3343 22 7 12.2894 10.0564 4.2921 23 14 9.5822 9.7970 3.7589 24 1 9.1865 8.3680 3.8394 25 1 9.3353 10.4534 5.0679 26 1 8.7817 10.4739 2.7071 27 6 9.9153 8.3116 1.3586 28 6 9.3390 7.8708 0.0048 29 1 8.4780 8.4879 -0.2519 30 1 -0.3633 0.5139 -0.8901 31 1 -0.3634 -1.0277 -0.0005 32 1 -0.3634 0.5138 0.8900 33 1 1.8933 -0.5138 -0.8900 34 1 1.8932 -0.5139 0.8901 35 1 3.8340 0.9764 -0.8892 36 1 3.8333 0.9766 0.8908 37 1 3.4223 3.4216 0.8911 38 1 3.4230 3.4221 -0.8889 39 1 5.7534 2.5759 -0.8890 40 1 5.7534 2.5751 0.8910 41 1 5.3425 5.0201 0.8928 42 1 5.3424 5.0216 -0.8872 43 1 7.6735 4.1752 -0.8873 44 1 7.6728 4.1739 0.8927 45 1 9.5598 4.4521 -0.1842 46 1 10.5192 5.4193 0.9682 47 1 10.4966 5.7210 -2.0781 48 1 11.8347 5.0779 -1.0913 49 1 12.1552 9.5267 -0.6869 50 1 10.5438 10.3044 -0.7044 51 1 12.0043 10.0957 5.2185 52 1 9.1437 8.8071 1.9478 53 1 10.2986 7.4463 1.8993 RHF calculation, no. of doubly occupied orbitals= 66 REFERENCES FOR PARAMETERS IN GAS-PHASE HAMILTONIAN: H: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) C: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) N: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) O: (AM1): M.J.S. DEWAR ET AL, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 107 3902-3909 (1985) Si: (AM1): M.J.S.DEWAR, C. JIE, ORGANOMETALLICS, 6, 1486-1490 (1987). REFERENCE FOR CHARGE MODEL 2: J. Li, J. Xing, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, J. Chem. Phys. 111 (1999) 885. REFERENCE FOR THE PARAMETERIZATION OF THE SM5.42R SOLVATION MODEL: J. Li, T. Zhu, G. D. Hawkins, P. Winget, D. A. Liotard, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, Theor. Chem. Acc. 103 (1999) 9-63 P. Winget, J. D. Thompson C. J. Cramer,and D. G. Truhlar, J. Phys. Chem. B. submitted. CHARGE=-1 AM1 1SCF TLIMIT=15 GEO-OK SM5.42R & SOLVNT=GENORG IOFR=1.4345 ALPHA=0.00 BETA=0.00 GAMMA=38.93 & DIELEC=2.06 FACARB=0.00 FEHALO=0.00 DEV ZINC001219058607.mol2 53 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED SCF FIELD WAS ACHIEVED Wall clock time and date at job start Sat Apr 11 2020 06:10:38 Heat of formation + Delta-G solvation = -99.277001 kcal Electronic energy + Delta-G solvation = -30334.017307 eV Core-core repulsion = 26206.750075 eV Total energy + Delta-G solvation = -4127.267232 eV No. of doubly occupied orbitals = 66 Molecular weight (most abundant/longest-lived isotopes) = 340.220 amu Computer time = 1.93 seconds Orbital eigenvalues (eV) -40.64649 -38.75157 -38.48529 -36.08675 -35.84571 -34.79170 -32.65092 -32.25399 -30.92074 -30.17932 -28.34906 -27.99541 -26.54418 -24.22889 -23.46770 -23.23135 -22.77512 -21.37252 -20.79025 -20.36198 -18.67005 -17.40797 -17.19580 -16.91008 -16.88118 -16.53941 -16.12761 -15.88459 -15.42918 -15.04483 -14.93007 -14.66334 -14.51449 -14.09754 -13.79499 -13.49839 -13.28946 -13.08791 -12.93746 -12.83596 -12.55991 -12.53793 -12.27637 -12.00245 -11.93149 -11.74783 -11.62130 -11.57630 -11.34430 -11.29158 -11.20891 -11.14914 -11.01076 -10.82230 -10.63626 -10.23149 -10.08287 -9.99914 -9.87338 -9.65567 -9.38146 -8.62920 -8.35874 -7.06734 -5.93408 -3.21949 2.61678 2.86882 3.24085 3.38328 3.51725 3.55187 3.86275 4.32151 4.53318 4.56283 4.57370 4.60342 4.66137 4.71636 4.80657 4.83035 4.84394 4.91403 4.97037 4.99452 5.04381 5.09669 5.14977 5.15418 5.23306 5.27347 5.33343 5.39440 5.45151 5.47340 5.47992 5.54322 5.63513 5.66768 5.66836 5.72307 5.74521 5.85978 5.98159 6.00855 6.12886 6.27224 6.38571 6.47714 6.53835 6.76170 6.81619 7.38659 7.45919 7.68293 8.17598 8.31958 8.83128 9.70065 10.16275 11.22711 Molecular weight = 340.22amu Principal moments of inertia in cm(-1) A = 0.016295 B = 0.002103 C = 0.001946 Principal moments of inertia in units of 10**(-40)*gram-cm**2 A = 1717.891255 B =13314.071335 C =14386.847730 Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions calculated with CM2 Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C -0.152 4.152 2 C 0.057 3.943 3 O -0.391 6.391 4 C 0.062 3.938 5 C -0.119 4.119 6 C -0.116 4.116 7 C -0.104 4.104 8 C -0.138 4.138 9 C 0.511 3.489 10 O -0.539 6.539 11 N -0.602 5.602 12 C 0.069 3.931 13 C 0.051 3.949 14 O -0.358 6.358 15 C 0.069 3.931 16 H 0.079 0.921 17 C 0.141 3.859 18 N -0.601 5.601 19 C -0.238 4.238 20 H 0.095 0.905 21 C 0.024 3.976 22 N -0.905 5.905 23 Si 0.884 3.116 24 H -0.289 1.289 25 H -0.303 1.303 26 H -0.279 1.279 27 C 0.121 3.879 28 C 0.099 3.901 29 H 0.108 0.892 30 H 0.063 0.937 31 H 0.070 0.930 32 H 0.063 0.937 33 H 0.047 0.953 34 H 0.047 0.953 35 H 0.048 0.952 36 H 0.048 0.952 37 H 0.072 0.928 38 H 0.072 0.928 39 H 0.064 0.936 40 H 0.065 0.935 41 H 0.072 0.928 42 H 0.071 0.929 43 H 0.093 0.907 44 H 0.094 0.906 45 H 0.093 0.907 46 H 0.084 0.916 47 H 0.050 0.950 48 H 0.104 0.896 49 H 0.066 0.934 50 H 0.044 0.956 51 H 0.263 0.737 52 H 0.032 0.968 53 H 0.044 0.956 For the charges calculated by CM2: Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -14.739 -21.822 -13.198 29.456 Note: The Mulliken population analysis charges presented below were not used in the solvation calculation but are provided for completeness. The chosen solvation model uses CM2 partial charges for calculating solvation energies. Net atomic charges, atomic populations, and dipole contributions using Mulliken population analysis Atom NO. Type Charge No. of electrons 1 C -0.209 4.209 2 C -0.020 4.020 3 O -0.311 6.311 4 C -0.014 4.014 5 C -0.157 4.157 6 C -0.154 4.154 7 C -0.142 4.142 8 C -0.178 4.178 9 C 0.300 3.700 10 O -0.416 6.416 11 N -0.335 5.335 12 C -0.054 4.054 13 C -0.027 4.027 14 O -0.276 6.276 15 C 0.010 3.990 16 H 0.096 0.904 17 C 0.015 3.985 18 N -0.328 5.328 19 C -0.365 4.365 20 H 0.113 0.887 21 C -0.175 4.175 22 N -0.549 5.549 23 Si 0.716 3.284 24 H -0.217 1.217 25 H -0.231 1.231 26 H -0.205 1.205 27 C -0.005 4.005 28 C -0.006 4.006 29 H 0.126 0.874 30 H 0.082 0.918 31 H 0.089 0.911 32 H 0.082 0.918 33 H 0.065 0.935 34 H 0.065 0.935 35 H 0.066 0.934 36 H 0.066 0.934 37 H 0.091 0.909 38 H 0.090 0.910 39 H 0.083 0.917 40 H 0.084 0.916 41 H 0.091 0.909 42 H 0.090 0.910 43 H 0.111 0.889 44 H 0.112 0.888 45 H 0.111 0.889 46 H 0.102 0.898 47 H 0.068 0.932 48 H 0.122 0.878 49 H 0.084 0.916 50 H 0.061 0.939 51 H 0.073 0.927 52 H 0.049 0.951 53 H 0.061 0.939 Dipole moment (debyes) X Y Z Total from point charges -15.021 -21.089 -12.907 28.930 hybrid contribution -1.081 -0.492 0.462 1.274 sum -16.102 -21.581 -12.445 29.663 Atomic orbital electron populations 1.21750 0.93728 1.02239 1.03230 1.22453 0.95665 0.83877 0.99986 1.87892 1.21416 1.26382 1.95425 1.22537 0.81022 0.97825 1.00033 1.21519 0.95761 0.94662 1.03730 1.21515 0.94716 0.96842 1.02280 1.21333 0.93208 0.95628 1.04015 1.21712 0.98514 0.93367 1.04230 1.20785 0.81741 0.91705 0.75775 1.90697 1.48872 1.52404 1.49607 1.47735 1.05793 1.06708 1.73300 1.22602 0.90136 0.91096 1.01575 1.22869 0.97772 0.86004 0.96067 1.87922 1.34066 1.13640 1.91993 1.23778 0.88790 0.89777 0.96669 0.90375 1.21762 0.99976 0.91539 0.85224 1.44616 1.37691 1.49489 1.01051 1.18629 0.98689 1.32190 0.86979 0.88701 1.24909 0.97143 1.00108 0.95348 1.69861 1.32403 1.53140 0.99470 0.86976 0.87939 0.77291 0.76179 1.21711 1.23101 1.20548 1.21703 0.91186 0.93823 0.93762 1.22227 0.98789 0.81819 0.97719 0.87410 0.91828 0.91111 0.91794 0.93493 0.93463 0.93424 0.93382 0.90911 0.90975 0.91712 0.91643 0.90917 0.90988 0.88913 0.88779 0.88900 0.89777 0.93162 0.87797 0.91592 0.93892 0.92736 0.95110 0.93854 Number of geometries 1 Number of calculations of the screened coulomb radii 1 The total number of SCF iterations 16. Note: The number of geometries may not correspond to the number of cycles due to rejected geometry changes. In the following table subtotal= G_P + SS G_CDS. Atom Chem. CM2 G_P Area Sigma k SS G_CDS Subtotal M number symbol chg. (kcal) (Ang**2) cal/(Ang**2) (kcal) (kcal) value 1 C -0.15 -0.86 10.28 37.15 0.38 -0.48 16 2 C 0.06 0.38 6.66 37.15 0.25 0.63 16 3 O -0.39 -3.68 10.34 -35.23 -0.36 -4.04 16 4 C 0.06 0.47 5.94 37.16 0.22 0.69 16 5 C -0.12 -0.95 5.58 -26.73 -0.15 -1.10 16 6 C -0.12 -0.82 5.21 -26.73 -0.14 -0.96 16 7 C -0.10 -1.00 4.50 -26.73 -0.12 -1.12 16 8 C -0.14 -1.34 4.05 -27.88 -0.11 -1.45 16 9 C 0.51 7.62 7.68 -10.99 -0.08 7.54 16 10 O -0.54 -10.14 15.39 5.56 0.09 -10.05 16 11 N -0.60 -9.24 2.75 -164.58 -0.45 -9.69 16 12 C 0.07 0.82 6.30 -3.40 -0.02 0.79 16 13 C 0.05 0.60 7.02 37.44 0.26 0.86 16 14 O -0.36 -5.99 10.14 -35.23 -0.36 -6.35 16 15 C 0.07 1.17 4.09 -24.65 -0.10 1.07 16 16 H 0.08 1.11 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.69 16 17 C 0.14 2.81 6.83 -2.23 -0.02 2.79 16 18 N -0.60 -14.95 3.22 -170.02 -0.55 -15.50 16 19 C -0.24 -6.88 10.57 -15.06 -0.16 -7.04 16 20 H 0.10 2.87 8.06 -52.49 -0.42 2.44 16 21 C 0.02 0.70 5.44 -17.43 -0.09 0.61 16 22 N -0.91 -28.33 13.97 55.49 0.78 -27.56 16 23 Si 0.88 23.89 24.39 -169.99 -4.15 19.75 16 24 H -0.29 -7.71 6.84 56.52 0.39 -7.32 16 25 H -0.30 -8.19 7.11 56.52 0.40 -7.79 16 26 H -0.28 -7.54 6.87 56.52 0.39 -7.15 16 27 C 0.12 2.81 4.80 -3.34 -0.02 2.80 16 28 C 0.10 1.84 3.04 -67.26 -0.20 1.64 16 29 H 0.11 2.10 7.06 -51.93 -0.37 1.73 16 30 H 0.06 0.38 8.14 -51.92 -0.42 -0.05 16 31 H 0.07 0.27 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.15 16 32 H 0.06 0.39 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.04 16 33 H 0.05 0.27 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.16 16 34 H 0.05 0.28 8.14 -51.92 -0.42 -0.15 16 35 H 0.05 0.31 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.12 16 36 H 0.05 0.32 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.10 16 37 H 0.07 0.64 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.22 16 38 H 0.07 0.61 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.18 16 39 H 0.06 0.38 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 -0.04 16 40 H 0.06 0.42 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.00 16 41 H 0.07 0.83 8.10 -51.93 -0.42 0.41 16 42 H 0.07 0.76 8.10 -51.93 -0.42 0.34 16 43 H 0.09 0.66 7.61 -51.93 -0.40 0.26 16 44 H 0.09 0.79 8.00 -51.93 -0.42 0.37 16 45 H 0.09 0.72 5.97 -51.93 -0.31 0.41 16 46 H 0.08 1.14 7.63 -51.93 -0.40 0.74 16 47 H 0.05 0.51 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.09 16 48 H 0.10 0.97 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.55 16 49 H 0.07 1.30 8.14 -51.92 -0.42 0.88 16 50 H 0.04 0.81 8.14 -51.93 -0.42 0.39 16 51 H 0.26 7.83 8.31 -40.82 -0.34 7.49 16 52 H 0.03 0.80 3.56 -51.93 -0.18 0.62 16 53 H 0.04 1.06 7.35 -51.93 -0.38 0.68 16 LS Contribution 409.02 15.07 6.16 6.16 Total: -1.00 -36.00 409.02 -8.59 -44.59 By element: Atomic # 1 Polarization: 5.08 SS G_CDS: -9.64 Total: -4.57 kcal Atomic # 6 Polarization: 7.37 SS G_CDS: -0.11 Total: 7.27 kcal Atomic # 7 Polarization: -52.53 SS G_CDS: -0.22 Total: -52.75 kcal Atomic # 8 Polarization: -19.81 SS G_CDS: -0.64 Total: -20.44 kcal Atomic # 14 Polarization: 23.89 SS G_CDS: -4.15 Total: 19.75 kcal Total LS contribution 6.16 Total: 6.16 kcal Total: -36.00 -8.59 -44.59 kcal The number of atoms in the molecule is 53 The average number of expansion shells was 16.00 The maximum number of expansion shells was 16 The minimum number of expansion shells was 16 **** NOTA BENE **** This is the net solvation energy for this exact molecular structure (nuclear and electronic)! The standard-state solvation energy should be obtained as the difference between the heat of formation plus delta-G solvation for the relaxed solvated system and that for the relaxed gas-phase system. ZINC001219058607.mol2 53 1SCF run This is a breakdown of the solvation energy calculated without geometric relaxation in solution: (1) E-EN(sol) electronic-nuclear energy of solute -54.692 kcal (2) G-P(sol) polarization free energy of solvation -35.996 kcal (3) G-ENP(sol) elect.-nuc.-pol. free energy of system -90.687 kcal (4) G-CDS(sol) cavity-dispersion-solvent structure free energy -8.590 kcal (5) G-P-CDS(sol) = G-P(sol) + G-CDS(sol) = (2) + (4) -44.585 kcal (6) G-S(sol) free energy of system = (1) + (5) -99.277 kcal 1SCF WAS SPECIFIED, SO GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION WAS NOT USED Total computer time = 1.93 seconds